일제강점기 통도사 주지 김구하와 독립운동 자금 지원

Abstract

Kim, Gu-Ha(1872-1965) is a figure who represents Korean modern Buddhist's community. He was the abbot of Tongdosa, Yangsan, South Gyungsang Province, which is the representative temple of Korea, and he took the lead at managing Tongdosa for 10 years since he was appointed as the abbot of Tongdosa in 1911. He has been evaluated that he newly transformed Tongdosa by securing finance stable and founding schools and Buddhist Lecture Halls and establishing Dharma Instruction Centerat various places. On the other hand, he resigned the position of the abbot in 1923 by being criticized as a corrupt monk who committed irregularities such as scandals with women and embezzlement of public money. His claim was that the case of embezzlement of public money was to support finance for independence movement of young monks related with provisional government in Shanghai. Therefore, it can be said that one of the criteria for historical evaluation on Kim, Gu-Ha who has the sigma of 'a corrupt abbot crossing over pro-Japanese and anti-Japanese'laid on the financial support of 13,000won for independence movement. There were many cases that the independence fund was for once and temporarily supported in the mutual insurance aspect of landlords or important figures at that time. However, Kim, Gu-Ha can be said that he offered a more active support for independence movement in that he supported finance to 10 persons related with independence movement with his exact memory and consistency of his statement, and it's a fortune as much as 13,000won. Besides, the organization of Dong-A Buddhist Association at which Kim, Gu-Ha took the lead in May, 1920 has been understood that it had the feature of pro-Japanese but it can be said to be Buddhist organization with the nature of anti-Japanese connected with young monks such as Shin, Sang-Wan etc. related with provisional government in Shanghai. In addition, Kim, Gu-Ha of Tongdosa who led Headquarters of the Order in the same side of young monks of Buddhist Association for reunification of Revitalizing Reform that claims the renovation of Buddhism had the relationship of conflict with conservative Buddhist Clerks that reinforced the position of the Japanese Government General of Korea and of the abbot of head temple. Therefore, until Headquarters of the Order was merged into Buddhist Clerks in 1924, it is difficult to say that Kim, Gu-Ha showed pro-Japanese behavior. Simultaneously, it is also the fact that Kim, Gu-Ha wag gradually conservatized by the authority and power as an abbot of Tongdosa which is the main temple of a Buddhist sect. Since March First Independence Movement, he forgot the fact that the criticism for the system of Temple Act Promulgated and for the abbot of the main temple that enjoys the absolute power corresponded to himself as well.