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Put Yourself in White Shoes: Race and Translation in a Korean Production of Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven

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This essay examines the 2017 Korean production of Young Jean Lee’s Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven (Yongbiŏch’ŏn’ga [용비어천가]) as a case study to consider the construction of racialized spectatorship. While the production revealed the conundrums of staging Lee’s multicultural and multiracial text, the aesthetic failure allows us to rethink the construction of racialized spectatorship in modern and contemporary Korean theater. Re-enacted by Korean actors for Korean audiences, Yongbiŏch’ŏn’ga inevitably created ruptures between the original text and its translation. Such ruptures, which unveil the differences between the original and its translation, help us to rethink the prevalent notion of translation as seamless and invisible. I argue that the production called for a specific kind of racialized performance on the part of the audience— namely, putting themselves in the shoes of white liberal audiences to better understand the play’s original intention, and thus temporarily withholding their uneasy feelings of racial tension. This collective gesture in theater for a “universal” understanding of the play calls attention to existing processes in the Korean theater in which spectatorship has been covertly constructed in white terms, where audiences, over time, have been disciplined into “raced subjects.”

Abstract

This essay examines the 2017 Korean production of Young Jean Lee’s Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven (Yongbiŏch’ŏn’ga [용비어천가]) as a case study to consider the construction of racialized spectatorship. While the production revealed the conundrums of staging Lee’s multicultural and multiracial text, the aesthetic failure allows us to rethink the construction of racialized spectatorship in modern and contemporary Korean theater. Re-enacted by Korean actors for Korean audiences, Yongbiŏch’ŏn’ga inevitably created ruptures between the original text and its translation. Such ruptures, which unveil the differences between the original and its translation, help us to rethink the prevalent notion of translation as seamless and invisible. I argue that the production called for a specific kind of racialized performance on the part of the audience— namely, putting themselves in the shoes of white liberal audiences to better understand the play’s original intention, and thus temporarily withholding their uneasy feelings of racial tension. This collective gesture in theater for a “universal” understanding of the play calls attention to existing processes in the Korean theater in which spectatorship has been covertly constructed in white terms, where audiences, over time, have been disciplined into “raced subjects.”

참고문헌 (20)

  1. Lawrence Venuti, "The Translator’s Invisibility : A History of Translation" (1995), Routledge
  2. Sandra Bermann, "A Companion to Translation Studies", pp.285~297 (2014), Wiley-Blackwell
  3. "Laugh Now. You May Not When These Women Rule the World" (2006)[URL]
  4. National Theater Company of Korea, "Korean Diaspora Season", National Theater Company of Korea, 10~13
  5. Karen Shimakawa, "Young Jean Lee’s Ugly Feelings about Race and Gender", Women & Performance: a Journal of Feminist Theory, 17(1), pp.89~102 (2007)
  6. Performing the Subject, "Body Art", pp.1998, See Amelia Jones
  7. Young Jean Lee, "Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven and Other Plays" (2009), Theatre Communications Group
  8. David Leiwei Li, "Imagining the Nation" (1998), Stanford University Press
  9. Josephine Lee, "Performing Asian America: Race and Ethnicity on the Contemporary Stage", pp.16~17 (1997), Temple University Press
  10. "Script Sabotage: An Interview with Young Jean Lee about her Play ‘Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven" (2007)[URL]
  11. "Performance Studies International Conference", 2018, ~
  12. "Strivings of the Negro People" (1897)[URL]
  13. Susan Bassnett, "introduction to Post-Colonial Translation: Theory and Practice" (1999), Routledge
  14. Sienne Ngai, "Ugly Feelings" (2007), Harvard University Press
  15. Judith Butler, "Undoing Gender", pp.228~ (2004), Routledge
  16. Emily Apter, "The Translation Zone : A New Comparative Literature", pp.6~ (2006), Princeton University Press
  17. "Bong Joon Ho’s ‘Parasite’ Speech Marks Second Year Korean Is Spoken at the Golden Globes" (2020)[URL]
  18. Dorine Kondo, "Connected: Engagement with Media", pp.313~ (1996), University of Chicago Press
  19. Nancy Cho, "Beyond Identity Politics: National and Transnational Dialogues in Anna Deavere Smith’s Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992 and Chay Yew’s A Beautiful Country", Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, 20(1), pp.72~ (2005)

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