神川彦松の国際政治学 :その展開をめぐる一考察
International Politics in the Vision of Hikomatsu KAMIKAWA : Especially on the Consequences of His Early Image of International Integration
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흔히 알려지길 일본의 국제정치학 연구는, 유럽이나 미국과 같이 제1차 세계대전 이후 이상주의자의 담론으로서 등장했지만, 1930년대의 호전주의적인 분위기 속에서 현실주의자의 무대로 진전되어 갔다. 이러한 상황을 대표하는 연구자는 제1차 세계대전 기간 동안 연구를 시작했던 가미카와 히코마츠(神川彦松)이다. 그는 1956년 설립된 일본국제정치학회(the Japan Association of International Relationship)의 초대 회장이 되었다. 그는 국제연맹의 강력한 지지자에서 대동아공영권(the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere)의 이론가가 됨으로써 이상주의에서 현실주의로 전환되었다는 것을 명확히 증명하고 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 1920년대부터 계층적인 국제질서에 대해 지속적으로 선호하였다는 점을 볼 때 그의 생애에 대한 재평가가 필요하다고 생각된다. 그가 일본의 만주지배 또는 그 이후의 전 동아시아 지배를 정당화하는데 의존했던 프랑스어 어원의 ‘연대주의’(solidarism) 철학은, 1920년대 위임통치시스템과 같이 국가들 간의 불평등이 만연했던 국제연맹체제로부터 가져온 통합의 논리와 일치하는 것이었다. 가미카와에 대한 이러한 새로운 견해는 국제정치학 분야에서의 기존 주장들을 부인하고, 국제연맹과 대동아공영권과의 이론적 연계성을 밝히는 계기가 될 것이다.
Abstract
According to the wide held image, the study of international politics in Japan, just as in Europe or in the United States, emerged as an “idealist” discourse along with the current of pacifism right after World War I; thereafter proceeded into a “realist” stage under the bellicose atmosphere of the 1930s. The representative figure within this picture is Hikomatsu KAMIKAWA who started his career during WWI, later to become the founding president of the Japan Association of International Relations set up in 1956. Despite his undeniable transformation from a zealous supporter of the League of Nations into a theorist of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which supposedly attests his alleged conversion from “idealism” to “realism,” this paper nonetheless challenges the reiterated interpretation of his history by pointing out his consistent preference for hierarchical international orders from the 1920s on. The philosophy of French origin, “Solidarism,” to which KAMIKAWA had recourse in justifying the Japanese rule of Manchuria, or later, the entire East Asia, coincides with the integrating logic he drew from the formation of the League, replete with inequalities among nations such as the mandate system, in the 1920s. This new view of KAMIKAWA may reveal a theoretical linkage between the League and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere scheme, as well as providing a breach in the conventional image of the disciplinary history of
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