Identifying Mangrove Forest as a Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Ecotourism: A study in Sayung Subdistrict, Demak Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
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Mangroves are among the most biologically important ecosystems in the world and are characteristic of tropical and subtropical coastal areas. This paper aims to identify the multifunction role of mangrove forests in climate change mitigation and sustainable ecotourism development in Sayung, Central Java, Indonesia. The research utilizes both primary and secondary data through in-depth observation of mangrove zones, semi-structured interviews, and review of previous studies on carbon stocks in mangrove forests. It also draws on annual reports from the Ministry of Forestry and Environment, the Demak Regency Regional Tourism Office, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2018-2022, and data from BPS Demak Regency. Findings reveal that Sayung’s 641-hectare mangrove ecosystem stores approximately 114,739 tons of carbon, with Avicennia species demonstrating a carbon sequestration capacity three times higher (53.96 tons C/ha) than that of Rhizophora. Despite past land conversion to shrimp ponds, community-led rehabilitation efforts have successfully restored 15% of the degraded areas. Moreover, mangrove forests have the potential to be developed into valuable ecotourism attractions. Ecotourism development can promote sustainable tourism by balancing environmental, socio-cultural, and economic goals while offering educational value in each tourism product. By aligning with Demak’s spatial planning, this research proposes a replicable framework for other coastal regions vulnerable to climate change.
Abstract
Mangroves are among the most biologically important ecosystems in the world and are characteristic of tropical and subtropical coastal areas. This paper aims to identify the multifunction role of mangrove forests in climate change mitigation and sustainable ecotourism development in Sayung, Central Java, Indonesia. The research utilizes both primary and secondary data through in-depth observation of mangrove zones, semi-structured interviews, and review of previous studies on carbon stocks in mangrove forests. It also draws on annual reports from the Ministry of Forestry and Environment, the Demak Regency Regional Tourism Office, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2018-2022, and data from BPS Demak Regency. Findings reveal that Sayung’s 641-hectare mangrove ecosystem stores approximately 114,739 tons of carbon, with Avicennia species demonstrating a carbon sequestration capacity three times higher (53.96 tons C/ha) than that of Rhizophora. Despite past land conversion to shrimp ponds, community-led rehabilitation efforts have successfully restored 15% of the degraded areas. Moreover, mangrove forests have the potential to be developed into valuable ecotourism attractions. Ecotourism development can promote sustainable tourism by balancing environmental, socio-cultural, and economic goals while offering educational value in each tourism product. By aligning with Demak’s spatial planning, this research proposes a replicable framework for other coastal regions vulnerable to climate change.