해방 후 한국 교양교육의 두 기원

Abstract

In 1946, the National Committee of Educational Planning introduced the five Required Subjects. These were the same types of subjects that had been taught in universities and junior colleges in Korea and Japan before 1945, and had nothing to do with the introduction of General Education Courses at US universities. In “Education Law Implementation Decree” of 1952, the Korean Ministry Of Education introduced “General Education Subjects” a distribution curriculum introduced by New Universities during the postwar period in Japan with its same name.(Japan University Accreditations Association, 1947/1948) However, this provision was not practiced and had to be revised the following year. In 1953, the “General Education Subjects” were redefined by combining both the Required Subjects in 1946 and the Distribution Subjects in 1952. Since then, the Required Subjects have been labeled as 敎 養必須 and the Distribution Subjects as 敎養選擇, but the ratio of those two subjects was 2:1, resulting as these Required Subjects being viewed as more important at Korean universities than the other were. In 1971, national ethics and military training were added to these Required Subjects in “Education Law Implementation Decree” and in 1978, only those national ethics, Korean history, military training, and physical education were introduced as the Required Subjects. General Education had been used as a pathway to national intervention in university education. In 1998, “Education Law Implementation Decree” was suspended leaving the General Education at Korean universities as ‘being formal’ as the autonomy of the universities, but the failure of the University Education Reform in 2009 led to the decline of General Education at Korean universities. Since 2010, the government has intervened in General Education through various short-term policy initiatives including financial support, which has resulted in a fragmentation of General Education at Korean universities and it blurred the identity and integrity of General Education at Korean universities.