Rethinking Cultural Identiy and its Drivers in Present-Day Indonesia: A Case Study of the Dayak
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Abstract
문화정체성은 실로 구성적 성격을 지닌 개념으로, 문화정체성의 구성은 상황 (그리고 역사)과 상념 사이에서 발생하는 역동적인 상호작용의 결과에서 비롯된다. “다약인”이라는 개념의 형성 및 구성에 있어서도 서로 다른 다양한 힘이 작용해왔다. 식민 지배기에 탐험가들과학자들은 서구적 방식으로 “다약인”의 구성을 구체화시켰고, 이것은해방 이후 인도네시아 국가의 향방에 순차적으로 영향을 끼쳤다. 다약인 정체성의 구성과 그 동인에 관한 논의는 머리사냥, 긴 형태의 가옥들, 종교 등과 같이 다약인을 그려내는 특정한 이미지에 다만 집중하고, 다약을 그려내는 이러한 이미지들이 오늘날 다약인 정체성과어떠한 연관성을 지니는가에 관한 논의이다. 과거 머리사냥 풍습에관해서도 다약인에게 있어서 머리사냥의 의미와 관례를 충분히 설명할 수 있는 분석이 현재 전무하다. 다약인 사회의 또 다른 주요 특징은 독특한 주거양식에서 찾을 수 있다. 주거양식은 대부분의 문헌에서 추정해온 것처럼 독특한 것이 아니라 오늘날에 이르기까지 다약인은 껜야인처럼 종종 연립가옥(라민)을 그들의 중심문화로 여긴다. 깔리만딴 동부에 위치한 롱메카에서 문화와 청년축제가 개최되었는데이 축제의 전체 진행은 자문화의 재건과 밀접하게 연관되어있다. 206년에 끄라얀에서 개최된 이와 유사한 한 문화축제는 페뭉 에라우 펜제라니(Pemung Erau Pengerani)라고 불린다. 종교 역시 다약인의 인류학적 설명에 있어서 주요 특징으로, 다약인은 보르네오에 거주하는 비(非)무슬림교도들로 정의된다. 과거에는 거의 대부분의 사람들이 정령신앙을 숭배했으나, 다약인들 사이에서 기독교로의 대규모 개종이 일어나면서 다약인은 기독교도와 일반적으로 동일시되었다. 깔리만딴 지역의 무슬림은 다약인이 될 수 없다는 게 일반적인 생각이다. 실로 다약인이 된다는 것은 수많은 힘들의 집합체로부터 그 구성이 이루어진다는 것을 의미한다.
참고문헌 (72)
- Appell, G N, "Essays on BorneoSocieties" (1978), Oxford University Press
- Appell, G N, "Resettlement of People in Indonesian Borneo: The Social Anthropology of Administered People", pp.5~9 (1985), Borneo Research Bulletin
- Appell, G N, "Dehumanization in fact and theory: processes of modernization and the Social Sciences", Studies in ThirdWorldSocieties, 45, pp.23~44 (1991)
- Ardhana, I Ketut, "Dinamika Etnisitas dan Hubungan Ekonomi Pada Wilayah Perbatasan di Kalimantan Timur: Studi Kasus Wilayah Krayan dan Long Pasiah" (2007), LIPI Press
- Ardhana, I Ketut, "Etnisitas, Pengembangan Sumber Daya Lokal, dan Potensi Perdagangan: Internasional Dalam Rangka Peningkatan Kesejateraan Masyarakat Nunukan, Kalimantan Timur" (2009), LIPI Press
- Arnold, Guy, "Longhouse and Jungle: An Expedition to Sarawak" (1959), Chatto and Windus
- Ave, Jan B, "Borneo: the People of the Weeping Forest:Tradition and Change in Borneo" (1986), National Museum of Ethnology
- Barth, Fredrik, "Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference" (1969), Universitets Forlaget Bergen-Oslo
- Barth, Fredrik, "The Analysis of Culture in Complex Societies", Ethnos, 54(3-4), pp.121~142 (1989)
- Conley, William W, "The Kalimantan Kenyah: A Study of Tribal Conversion in Terms of Dynamic Cultural Themes", 박사, Missiology, School of World Mission, pp.1973
- Coomans, Mikhail, "Manusia Daya: Dahulu, Sekarang" (1987), Masa Depan
- Culas, Christian, "Nicholas Tapp, Jean Michaud, Christian Culas and Gary Yia Lee" (2004), Silkworm Books
- Eghenter, Christina, "Knowledge, Action, and Planning: A Study of Long-distance Migrations among the Kayan and Kenyah of East Kalimantan, Indonesia", 박사, pp.1995
- Eller, Jack David, "From Culture to Ethnicity to Conflict: An Anthropological Perspective on International Ethnic Conflict" (1999), University of Michigan Press
- Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, "Ethnicity & Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives" (1993), Pluto Press
- Freeman, J D, "Social Structure in SoutheastAsia. Viking Fund Publication in Anthropology Number Twenty-nine" (1960), Wenner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc
- Freeman, Derek, "Fantasy and Symbol: Studies in Anthropological Interpretation" (1979), Academic Press
- Furness, William Henry, "The home-life of Borneo head-hunters: its festivals and folk-lore" (1902), AMS Press
- Geddes, W R, "Nine Dayak Nights" (1968), Oxford University Press
- Gillow, John, "The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia" (1994), Thames and Hudson
- Gregor, "Modernity and its Future" (1992), Polity Press in association with Open University
- Hall, Stuart, "Modernity and its Future" (1992), Polity Press in association with Open University
- Hertz, Robert, "Death and the Right Hand" (1960), The University Press
- Hoffman, Carl, "The Punan: Hunters and Gatherers of Borneo" (1986), Umi Research Press
- Hoffman, Carl L, "The Real and Imagined Role of Culture in Development: Case Studies from Indonesia" (1988), University of Hawai’i Press
- "West Kalimantan: Communal Violence in West Kalimantan" (1997)[URL]
- Inside Indonesia, "The horror in Kalimantan", Inside Indonesia, (51), pp.9~12 (1997)
- Ito, Makoto, "Making of Multicultural Sabah", pp.21~30 (2002), Research Institute for Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa
- Ju-Lan Thung, "The (re) construction of the ‘Pan Dayak’ Identity in Kalimantan and Sarawak: A Study on a Minority’s Identity, Ethnicity and Nationality" (2004), PMB-LIPI
- Kahn, Joel S, "Minangkabau Social Formations: Indonesian peasants and the world-economy" (1980), Cambridge University Press
- Kahn, Joel S, "Constituting the Minangkabau: Peasants, Culture and Modernity in Colonial Indonesia" (1993), BERG
- Kahn, Joel S, "Culture, Multiculture, Postculture" (1995), SAGE Publications
- Kahn, Joel S, "Southeast Asian Identities: Culture and the Politics of Representation in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand" (1998), ISEAS
- Kedit, Peter M, "Tourism Report: A Re-study of Skrang Longhouse Tourism", Papers from the Second Biennial International Conference Kota Kinabalu (1993), Borneo Research Council Proceedings Series
- Kennedy, Raymond, "Bibliography in Indonesian Peoples and Cultures, Southeast Asian Studies" (1974), Yale University
- King, Victor T, "Ethnicity in Borneo: An Anthropological Problem", Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 10(1), pp.23~43 (1982)
- King, Victor T, "The Maloh of West Kalimantan: An Ethnographic Study of Social Inequality and Social Change among an Indonesian Borneo People" (1985), Foris Publications
- King, Victor T, "The Peoples of Borneo" (1993), Blackwell
- Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion, and Class in an Indonesian Society, "Kipp, Rita Smith", The University of Michigan Press, ~, pp.Working Paper No 49 (1993)
- Lebar, Frank M, "Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia, Volume I:Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar" (1972), Human Relations Area Files Press
- Lindblad, J Thomas, "Between Dayak and Dutch: The Economic History of Southeast Kalimantan 1880-1942" (1880), Foris Publications
- Manuntung,, "Etnis Dayak dikompori serang Madura, Kiai Fuad: jangan balas, kalau ‘perang-perangan’", Manuntung, 22 (1999)
- Maunati, Yekti, "Contesting Dayak Identity: Commodification and the Cultural Politics of Identity in East Kalimantan Dessertation at Dept of Sociology and Anthropology" (2000), La Trobe University
- Human and Proud of It! A Structural Treatment of Headhunting Rites and the Social Definition of Enemies, "McKinley, Robert", Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University, ~, pp.Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University, Special Report No.12 (1976)
- Metcaff, Peter, "A Borneo Journey into Death : Beraw an Eschatology from its Rituals" (1982), University of Pennsylvania Press
- Miller, Charles C, "Black Borneo" (1946), Museum Press Limited
- Tramps and their Excuses. A Study of the Writing of Travellers in Borneo in the 19th and 20th Centuries, "Millum, Trevor", Centre for South-east Asian Studies at the University of Hull, ~, pp.Centre for South-east Asian Studies at the University of Hull, Bibliography and Literature Series No.12 (1994)
- Parry, Richard Lloyd, "Apocalypse now under the savage law of the jungle" (1999), The Age
- Peluso, Nancy Lee, "Passing the Red Bowl: Tracking Threads of Blood", Presentation at The ASAA Conference “Whose Millenium?” (2000)
- 1997, "Dayak Sakti: Ngayau, Tariu, Mangkok Merah Konflik Etnis di Kalbar 1996", pp.1998, Petebang, Edi
- Picard, Michel, "Tourism, Ethnicity, and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies" (1997), University of Hawai’i Press
- Riwut, Tjilik, "Kalimantan Membangun" (1958), Endang
- Rousseau, Jerome, "Central Borneo: Ethnic identity and social life in a stratified society" (1990), Clarendon Press
- Said, Edward W, "Culture and Imperialism" (1993), Chatto & Windus
- Saunders, Graham, "Early Travelers in Borneo", Papers from the second Biennial International Conference Kota Kinabalu (1993), Borneo Research Council Proceedings Series
- Schiller, Anne, "An “Old” Religion in “New Order” Indonesia: Notes on Ethnicity and Religious Affiliation", Sociology of Religion, 57(4), pp.409~417 (1996)
- Schrauwers, Albert, "Southeast Asian Identities: Culture and the Politics of Representation in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand" (1998), ISEAS
- Sellato, Bernard, "Hornbill and Dragon" (1989), ELF Aquitaine Indonesie
- Sellato, Bernard, "Nomads of the Borneo Rainforest: The Economics, Politics, and Ideology of Settling Down" (1994), University of Hawai’i Press
- Sillander, Kenneth, "Local identity and regional variation: notes on the lack of significance of ethnicity among the Luangan and the Bentian", Borneo Research Bulletin, 26, pp.69~95 (1995)
- St John, Spencer, "Life in the Forests of the Far East, Vol. 1" (1862), Smith Elder
- Turner, Peter, "Indonesia" (1997), Lonely Planet Publications
- Vickers, Adrian, "Bali: A Paradise Created" (1989), Penguin Books Australia Ltd
- Waterson, Roxana, "The Living House: An Anthropology of Architecture in South-East Asia" (1990), Oxford University Press
- Weinstock, Joseph A, "Kaharingan: Borneo’s Oldest Religion Becomes Indonesia’s Newest Religion", Borneo Research Bulletin, 13(1), pp.47~48 (1981)
- Whittier, Herbert L, "Essays on Borneo Societies, Hull Monographs on South-East Asia No 7" (1978), Oxford University Press
- Whittier, Herbert L, "Social Organization and Symbols of Social Differentiation: An Ethnographic Study of the Kenyah Dayak of East Kalimantan (Borneo)", 박사, pp.1973
- Williams, Louise, "Army tries to shut out ethnic terror", The Age, 13~ (1999)
- Yale Southeast Asia Studies, "Indigenous Peoples and the State: Politics, Land, and Ethnicity in the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo, Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, Monograph 46", pp.1997, Winzeler, Robert L
- Yale Southeast Asia Studies, "Indigenous Peoples and the State: Politics, Land, and Ethnicity in the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo, Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, Monograph 46", pp.1997, Winzeler, Robert L
- Wood, Robert E, "Touristic ethnicity: a brief itinerary", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21(2), pp.218~241 (1998)
- Zeppel, Heather, "Getting to Know the Iban: The Tourist Experience of Visiting an Iban Longhouse in Serawak, in Tourism in Borneo: Issues and Perspectives", Papers from the second Biennial International Conference Kota Kinabalu (1993), Borneo Research Council Proceedings Series
