평신도 운동과 신학에 관한 고찰

Abstract

This paper is a critical study on the movement and theology of the laity. Martin Luther's universal priesthood was a revolutionary theory that rejected the sacerdotalism and clericalism of the Roman Catholic Church. But since the Reformation it has not been creatively inherited, and today the Christian Church has fallen into the sacerdotalism and clericalism again. As a reflection on this, the movement and theology of the laity have been discussed in earnest since the 1960s. It started from self-reflection that the sacerdotalism and clericalism was an erroneous form deviating from the essence of the church. The clergy and laity are a people of God who are called to the service for the Kingdom of God. There is no difference in their status, only differences in their jobs. This movement of the laity is a church reform movement that reforms existing churches that have lost their vitality by falling into the sacerdotalism and clericalism and is a church restoration movement to restore the true nature of the church. In addition, the theology of laity should be established for the correct movement of laity. It is not anti-clergy theology, also not a theology for laity as an object of ministry. It is a theology about laity as a ministry who serves God's mission and love in the world and as the subject of dynamic power to reform the fallen church. In this context, this paper critically examines the movement and theology of the laity by Martin Luther, Yves M.J. Congar, Hendrik Kraemer and R. Paul Stevens, and reestablishes the movement and theology of the laity from the perspective of eschatology and pneumatology. It will be the starting point to overcome the current crisis of the Christian Church. Indeed, the future of the Christian Church depends on the success or failure of the movement of the laity.