독일 나치 시대 여성

Abstract

This paper looks at the history of women in Nazi Germany. How do you understand women from the Nazi era? The study of women from this era is related to general (allgemein) historical descriptions and women’s studies. The discourses of women’s research are divided according to the Periods, and the subjects to be dealt with can be limited. In this paper, women’s issues are discussed in relation to the debate regarding the Nazis, who are the subjects of today’s debate and are directly linked to the present. During the postwar years, many women of the Nazi era internalized the position of innocence (Unschuld) and placed themselves in nonpolitical areas. This paper seeks to understand Nazi women not through an examination of the notions of accomplices and perpetrators, resistors or victims of the Nazi regime, but by looking at these women as ordinary women. In Germany, research into Nazi women can be distinguished by three levels of discourse. The first phase is roughly classified from the early 1970s to the mid- 1980s. At this stage, all women during the Nazi era were considered victims. It was explained that women were not persecuted by the Nazi regime for ethnic, religious or similar reasons. This argument was based on the fact that all women suffered under the Nazi extreme patriarchal structure. Women’s research at this stage was strongly influenced by the politics of the women’s movement. From the mid-1980s, the second stage of research on Nazi women began, where the recognition of women as victims of Nazi domination confronted the theme of women as co-criminals. At the same time, women’s active participation in the Nazi movement was publicized. In women’s studies, the theme of all women’s common feminine identities becomes no longer central, and women are no longer considered simply victims of the Nazi system. This marks the advent of new debates within women’s studies. The third stage of Nazi women’s research began in the 1990s. Women of the Nazi era were no longer placed in the categories of victim or joint criminal, but rather an intermediate step was introduced where the actual behavior of women could be recognized correctly. The question of which discourse played an important role in the role of women in the Nazis and what function the discourse played at that stage of the Nazi era came to the fore. At the center of this stage is research, analysis and investigation of women who were not persecuted.