‘자유시장경제체제’와 영국의 EU사회정책에 대한 정책선호: 블레어(Blair) 노동당 정부시기를 중심으로
Liberal Market Economies and the UK’s Policy Preferences over EU Social Policy: Focused on the Period of the Labor Rule under Tony Blair
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본 연구는 블레어 노동당 정부가 EU사회정책에 대해 유화적 태도를 보인 이유를 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 왜냐하면 블레어 노동당정부는 사회헌장에의 가입을 약속했고, 고용정책의 암스테르담 조약편입에도 동의하는 등 EU사회정책에서 전임 보수당 정부와 다른 전향적 태도를 보였기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구는 블레어의 노동당 집권기 EU사회정책에 대한 영국의 정책선호를 분석했다. 그 결과 본 연구는 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 즉 전임 보수당 정부들은 영국의국가이익을 수호하기 위해 EU사회정책에 대한 불참과 저항을 선택했다면, 블레어 노동당 정부는 ‘건설적 참여’라는 명목하에 EU사회정책에 참여해서 국가이익에 반하는 내용들이 초국적 차원에서 결정되지 못하도록 그 내용을 희석시키려 했다. 따라서 양당의 차이는 영국의 국가이익을 실현하기 위한 전략적 차이였을 뿐, 정책 목표 자체의 차이는 아니었다. 오히려 블레어의 노동당 정부는 상대적으로 낮은 노동비용과 낮은 복지비용을 가진 영국의 ‘자유시장경제체제’의제도적 이점을 EU사회정책과 관련해 유지하려고 한 점에서 전임 보수당 정부들과 같은 입장을 공유하고 있었다.
Abstract
The UK governments during the Conservative rule under Margaret Thatcher and John Major had vehemently opposed to the expansion of EU competence in social policy area. The mood had changed after the Labor came into power and the UK government’s position toward EU social dimension has gotten much more flexible and accommodating. But the difference between the two major parties in the UK in relation to such changes was the strategy toward EU social dimension, not policy objectives. Specifically, the UK governments during the Conservative rule had not participated in the ‘Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights’, that is,‘the Social Charter’ to protect its national interests. On the other hand, the UK government during the reigns of Tony Blair’s Labor Party decided to participate in the ‘Social Charter’in the name of ‘constructive engagement’ in order to prevent the social dimensions at the European level from intensifying. Instead, the Blair’s UK sought to maintain the comparative institutional advantages of its liberal market economies(LME) at the European level that provide companies with a flexible infrastructure and low-cost environment, as the Margaret Thatcher and John Major’s UK during the Conservative rule.
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