북송대의 입양 습속에 대한 구양수의 견해 - 그의 복의(濮議)를 중심으로

Abstract

“Puyi”(濮議) that took place during the Northern Song Dynasty developed into a fierce political struggle between bureaucrats during the reign of King Yingzong(英宗), and ended the political career of Ouyang Xiu(歐陽修). The term “Puyi” refers to disputes over whether Puanyiwang(濮安懿王), the biological father of King Yingzong, should be called his father or uncle by King Yingzong. This dispute was a matter of keen interest to King and subjects of the time. But modern researchers have only viewed it as a dispute caused by the mobilization of officials in the power struggle between King Yingzong and Queen Empress, or even defined it as partisan struggles that undermined the unity of the dynasty, or explained it as pointless, useless arguments. This article, by analyzing Ouyang Xiu’s arguments, attempts to reconstruct the political and ideological contexts latent on the basis of “Puyi” and clarifies his political thoughts. Ouyang did not deny the protocol that Kiong Yingzong should call King Renzong(仁宗) his father. However, he argued that there are no problems with King Yingzong calling simultaneously Puanyiwang as “Father”(親), and that political opponents’ criticism on that is inhumane. Also, Ouyang insisted that the father-son relationship between King Renzong and Yingzong should be recognized publicly, but privately, the father-son relationship between Puanyiwang and Yingzong also should be tolerated. The reason for his assertions was that he witnessed the selfish motives of stepfaher and stepson relations that were prevalent from the mid-late Tang dynasty to the five generations, its influences on the downfall of the dynasty, and its destructive consequences for humanity. Suppressing the natural feelings between the father and son in order to keep the relationship between the stepfather and stepson stable, he argued, can lead people to actually pursue profits by using ‘righteousness’(義) as an excuse. Moreover, he feared that such quasi-familial organizations could become the seed to dismantle the dynasty’s unification in the future.