에스트로겐 결핍과 후방 전위된 하악 과두가 측두하악 관절 골관절염 발생에 미치는 복합적 영향
Combined Effect of Estrogen Deficiency and Posteriorly Displaced Mandibular Condyle on the Development of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis
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Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is known to be caused by multiple etiological factors like hormonal imbalance and excessive mechanical stress. However, it is still unknown whether these factors have a mutual effect on the degenerative process of the condyle. The aim of this study was to examine the combined effects of estrogen and posteriorly displaced occlusion on the condyle using a rat model. Total of twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats at 8 weeks old were divided into four groups; sham-operated (control) or ovariectomized (OVX) and posteriorly displaced dental occlusion (PDO) and ovariectomized and posteriorly displaced dental occlusion (OVX+PDO). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, in the experimental group, a guiding plane appliance was attached to the maxillary incisors to induce posterior displacement of the condyles in the occluded condition. Animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks, and the condyles were removed to observe the histologic findings and to measure the articular cartilage thickness and observed bone structure by micro-computed tomography. Histologic results showed that obvious degradation was found in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone of rats with PDO procedure. Also, histomorphometric analysis showed the lowest cartilage thickness in the OVX+PDO group compared to control and OVX groups (P=0.027, P=0.039, respectively). Also, subchondral bone in the OVX+PDO group was severely destructed compared to the control and OVX groups. These results suggest that the combined effect of estrogen deficiency by OVX and excessive mechanical stress by functionally displaced occlusion on the condyle can exaggerate the TMJ OA. It is required that further investigation about the pathway of estrogen deficiency and excessive mechanical stress through molecular biologic study.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is known to be caused by multiple etiological factors like hormonal imbalance and excessive mechanical stress. However, it is still unknown whether these factors have a mutual effect on the degenerative process of the condyle. The aim of this study was to examine the combined effects of estrogen and posteriorly displaced occlusion on the condyle using a rat model. Total of twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats at 8 weeks old were divided into four groups; sham-operated (control) or ovariectomized (OVX) and posteriorly displaced dental occlusion (PDO) and ovariectomized and posteriorly displaced dental occlusion (OVX+PDO). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, in the experimental group, a guiding plane appliance was attached to the maxillary incisors to induce posterior displacement of the condyles in the occluded condition. Animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks, and the condyles were removed to observe the histologic findings and to measure the articular cartilage thickness and observed bone structure by micro-computed tomography. Histologic results showed that obvious degradation was found in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone of rats with PDO procedure. Also, histomorphometric analysis showed the lowest cartilage thickness in the OVX+PDO group compared to control and OVX groups (P=0.027, P=0.039, respectively). Also, subchondral bone in the OVX+PDO group was severely destructed compared to the control and OVX groups. These results suggest that the combined effect of estrogen deficiency by OVX and excessive mechanical stress by functionally displaced occlusion on the condyle can exaggerate the TMJ OA. It is required that further investigation about the pathway of estrogen deficiency and excessive mechanical stress through molecular biologic study.
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