‘전통어로방식_어살’의 전승과 구조에 관한 재론 : 남해군 지족해협 일대 죽방렴의 경우

Abstract

This research serves as a preliminary study to analyze the structural characteristics of Jukbangryeom, which has been passed down in the straits of Jijok of Namhae County. It aims to raise issues regarding overinterpreted aspects in previous investigations and studies on Jukbangryeom and to lay the groundwork for reinterpretation. The recent studies have the significance of comprehensively analyzing the research achievements related to Jukbangryeom up to now. However, in the process of examining the ancient form and structural characteristics of Jukbangryeom, it leaves room for significant dissent. For example, the claim that the current structure of Jukbangryeom was completed within the coexistence of Eosal and Bangryeom, and the opinion regarding the structural similarity between Bangryeom and Jukbangryeom as mentioned in the 'Hanguksusanji', lack clear evidence. Additionally, upon verifying the evidence supporting such claims and opinions, it has been determined that the data has been misinterpreted. Therefore, a more precise reinterpretation is deemed necessary. On the other hand, the report prepared to designate 'Traditional Fishing Method_Eosal' as a national intangible cultural heritage may serve as the original source for Jukbangryeom. In the report, the construction technique of the underwater structure of Jukbangryeom, known as 'Sumangjang,' was significantly emphasized as a crucial art and skill. However, the term 'Sumangjang' has not appeared in any of the accumulated studies on Jukbangryeom to date, and the construction technique itself also leaves room for significant dissent. In the process of studying Jukbangryeom for over half a century, it has been unavoidable to question why the term 'Sumangjang' has not been reported. I have reexamined the research outcomes related to Jukbangryeom for the purpose of my study. Additionally, I conducted field work with a focus on Jukbangryeom fishermen. For my research, I conducted approximately seven rounds of field work from July to November 2023, with a focus on the structure and production methods of Jukbangryeom. Based on the research results, the claim that Jukbangryeom was completed with its current structure within the coexistence of Bangryeom and Eosal was found to lack substantial evidence. The historical claims made by the researcher regarding Bangryeom were found to contain errors. Additionally, the Bangryeom mentioned in the 1938 record was equivalent to the present-day Jukbangryeom. The Eosal, considered to have influenced Jukbangryeom, lost its validity for comparison with Jukbangryeom as its existence was not specified. Also, upon examining the structural similarities between Bangryeom and Jukbangryeom as mentioned in the "Hanguksusanji," it was found that there was a premise of incorrect interpretation. Some researchers argued that by removing the Dowon extending between the Gitgil of Bangryeom in the illustrations of the 'Hanguksusanji,' the structure would be the same as the current Jukbangryeom. However, the Dowon in Bangryeom served as a crucial function in attracting fish, so it was a structure that could not be removed. Furthermore, upon closer examination of the details regarding Bangryeom, it was evident that the two Gitgils were significantly shorter compared to the Dowon, serving as auxiliary means. Upon reinterpreting the above content and applying it to the illustrations, it became evident that Bangryeom had a structure more similar to the current type of Gakmang. Lastly, 'Sumangjang,' as mentioned in the national intangible cultural heritage value assessment report, was not a term referring to the lower structure of Jukbangryeom. To clarify this content, I had to find the informant who first used the term 'Sumangjang' and conducted an interview with him. As a result of the interview, it was revealed that the term 'Sumangjang' referred to the tool called 'bakmal,' which was used to make holes in the underwater ground when installing the pillars of Jukbangryeom. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the term consistently mentioned in previous studies, 'Seongcheon,' is appropriate for referring to the underwater structure of Jukbangryeom. The occurrence of these errors is suspected to stem from researchers referencing inaccurate investigation results and neglecting fieldwork while compiling the report for the designation value investigation of the national intangible cultural heritage. Additionally, there is conflicting opinions among researchers regarding the sequence of installing Seongcheon and Baljang. The reports from residents were also incomplete. This phenomenon occurred because there are no longer individuals among the fishermen who have experience in installing the underwater structure known as Seongcheon. The knowledge and technology related to Seongcheon are currently confirmed to have discontinued transmission. It is determined that additional research on the installation of Seongcheon and Jukbangryeom will be needed in the future.