Development and Prospect of Private SECURITY Service in Accordance with the Economic Growth of CHINA: Comparative Study on Republic of KOREA and CHINA

Abstract

Interaction with security service under economic growth had begun with human history. The police in ancient Greece represented all activities of Polis, and the police authority in medieval police state included state power over every aspect of administration: diplomacy, the military, finance, jurisdiction, etc. Also the police is defined as the activity of state with purpose of realizing national purpose. However, the police in modern society is adjusting itself to periodical change, focusing on law enforcement and maintenance of public order. Other domains are being classified as private security service by burden on a beneficiary. However, according to developmental theory of civilian security based on Economic reduction theory, increase in demand for public order caused by increased crime rate upon economic growth and social polarization revealed limit of public power. This research, thus, suggests future direction by observing private security service under economic growth of China, and comparing it to Republic of Korea. The result of the research are following: First, legal basis of private security services in China is unclear. Second, private security services in China are monopolistically managed by Chinese police department. Third, private security services in China are focused on personnel escort, having narrow work scope. In contrast, Republic of Korea, once one of the poorest country in the world until 1960s due to the Korean War, has the world best private security service technology in conjunction with IT technology. By 2015, business field of private security service in Republic of Korea is widely distributed: 4186 facility security, 541 personnel protection, 139 machine security, 137 special security, 38 escort security, etc. Looking at economic scale published by IMF, on the other hands, with its GDP of $113,830, which is 8.62 times that of Republic of Korea, China has relatively limited number of private security service (5031 services by 2014), foreshowing rapid increase of private security service in China. Therefore, for China, in order to secure people's safety from increased crime rate resulted from rapid economic growth like Republic of Korea, not only the exclusive charge of police authority, an open-door policy in which security loophole can be entrusted to private companies through technical partnership with neigboring countries will be necessary.