금융산업에서 ESG와 블록체인 보안의 중요성에 관한 연구

Abstract

Blockchain security refers to a combination of cybersecurity principles, tools, and best practices to mitigate risks and prevent malicious attacks and unauthorized access while operating on blockchain networks. Although all blockchains run on distributed ledger technology (DLT), not all blockchains are functionally the same or equally secure. Both public and private blockchains have unique advantages and disadvantages, but their security models are fundamentally different due to the openness and closedness of the networks. Using blockchain, there is no need to create a separate database to record transactions. Distributed processing makes hacking difficult and safety is guaranteed. Additionally, since participants have all transaction records through the P2P network, modification of transaction records is not possible. The biggest difference between these blockchain platforms and traditional systems is that there is no ‘third party’ that guarantees trust. In traditional systems, transaction information is managed centrally. In order to establish a trustworthy third party and grant high trust to that institution, and maintain it, the existing centralized system must incur high social costs such as IT infrastructure and security, and large-scale investment in manpower and facilities. On the other hand, in a blockchain-based system, transaction information is distributed to a P2P network rather than a central server of a specific organization, and participating members jointly record and manage it. Therefore, there is no need to invest manpower and resources to establish and operate a trustworthy ‘third party’, and transaction transparency can be increased because all transaction records are encrypted and disclosed to members. In terms of security, safety can be ensured as there is no central server that can be the target of information leaks such as hacking. The prevailing analysis is that it is virtually impossible for a malicious attacker to understand, hack, and manipulate the entire blockchain network operation. Blockchain is expected to significantly change existing industries in terms of production, consumption, distribution, and management of products and services. ESG finance is an initiative that emphasizes a long-term perspective when analyzing and evaluating companies, requiring investment and lending measures that take into account environmental, social, and governance information. Fund flows considering ESG are now rapidly spreading around the world. Challenges that need to be solved through ESG finance include global environmental and social issues such as climate change, biodiversity conservation, and the circular economy, but in particular, with regard to climate change, the Korean government’s ‘2050 Carbon Neutral Declaration’ stipulates ‘greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.’ It states that ‘emissions will be reduced to zero.’ Efforts to decarbonize are underway. Additionally, on January 19, 2021, the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Strategy and Finance prepared and announced “Disclosure and Dialogue Guidelines for Promoting Sustainable Finance in the Circular Economy.” In addition, the economic recovery from the spread of the new coronavirus infection is the concept of ‘green recovery’, which does not prioritize economic policy over the environment and society, but further promotes climate change measures and a circular economy and transitions to a social and economic model that is more resilient to disasters and infectious diseases. This is spreading worldwide. In light of these global trends, ESG perspectives are expected to continue to be emphasized in investment and lending activities.