그리스 문화에 끼친 오리엔트 문화의 영향과 그 변용 -지하 세계와 관련된 신화적 여성을 중심으로
Cultural Intercourse between the Orient and Ancient Greece: Focusing on the Underworld Women in Myths
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This paper is to clarify cultural intercourse between the Orient and ancient Greece around the Mediterranean area. Specifically this paper focuses on the Underworld queen-characters in myths. In the first chapter, I try to trace the common aspects between Ereshkigal, the Sumerian goddess of the Underworld and Persephone, the Greek goddess of the Underworld. Even though it seems that the most powerful goddess of the Underworld of the Orient(Ereshkigal) changed into a dependent weak daughter and unwilling queen of the Underworld(Persephone) in Greece, the earliest evidences show that Persephone was originally a great goddess like Ereshkigal. In short, I conclude that Persephone was a Greek Ereshkigal. In the second chapter, I deal with Medusa, who lived in the Underworld as an attendant of Persephone, and Perseus who was well known for killing Medusa. Medusa, originally a powerful and benevolent being from the Orient, changed into a wicked monster, eventually killed by Perseus in Greece. It is interesting to note that those powerful goddesses in the Orient changed into weak or wicked presences in Greece. It is also interesting to note that the names of Persephone, Perseus, Medusa are all deeply related to the Underworld and whose origin seemed to be from the Orient.
Abstract
This paper is to clarify cultural intercourse between the Orient and ancient Greece around the Mediterranean area. Specifically this paper focuses on the Underworld queen-characters in myths. In the first chapter, I try to trace the common aspects between Ereshkigal, the Sumerian goddess of the Underworld and Persephone, the Greek goddess of the Underworld. Even though it seems that the most powerful goddess of the Underworld of the Orient(Ereshkigal) changed into a dependent weak daughter and unwilling queen of the Underworld(Persephone) in Greece, the earliest evidences show that Persephone was originally a great goddess like Ereshkigal. In short, I conclude that Persephone was a Greek Ereshkigal. In the second chapter, I deal with Medusa, who lived in the Underworld as an attendant of Persephone, and Perseus who was well known for killing Medusa. Medusa, originally a powerful and benevolent being from the Orient, changed into a wicked monster, eventually killed by Perseus in Greece. It is interesting to note that those powerful goddesses in the Orient changed into weak or wicked presences in Greece. It is also interesting to note that the names of Persephone, Perseus, Medusa are all deeply related to the Underworld and whose origin seemed to be from the Orient.
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