智能航运技术下破产企业数字资产的处置规则重构研究
Research on Restructuring the Disposition Rules for Digital Assets of Bankrupt Enterprises under Intelligent Shipping Technology
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초록
智能航运技术催生了船舶物联数据、区块链提单和智能合约资产等新型数字资产。其无形性、动态价值依赖性与跨境流动性, 使现行《中华人民共和国企业破产法》在处置时面临系统性困境：法律定性缺失导致权属不明；跨境特性引发管辖冲突与执行障碍；传统评估机制无法捕捉动态价值, 导致资产流失、价值贬损及债权人利益失衡。为摆脱上述困境, 可以从构建分层确权框架, 创新动态评估与处置机制, 强化跨境协同等方面进行规则重构。以此弥合法律与技术鸿沟, 推动破产法向“规则+技术”共治范式转型, 保障破产公平高效, 实现破产财产保值增效, 为智能航运发展提供法律支撑。
Abstract
Intelligent shipping technology has given rise to novel digital assets, such as vessel IoT data, blockchain bills of lading, and smart contract-based assets. Their intangible nature, dependence on dynamic valuation, and cross-border liquidity present systemic challenges for China's current Enterprise Bankruptcy Law during disposal: the absence of legal definitions leads to ambiguous ownership; their transnational characteristics trigger jurisdictional conflicts and enforcement obstacles; conventional valuation mechanisms fail to capture fluctuating values, resulting in asset wastage, value depreciation, and imbalanced creditor interests. To overcome these dilemmas, legal frameworks can be reconceived by establishing a multi-tiered ownership confirmation framework, innovating dynamic valuation and disposal mechanisms, and strengthening cross-border coordination. This approach bridges the legal-technological divide, advances bankruptcy law toward a "rules-plus-technology" governance paradigm, ensures equitable and efficient insolvency proceedings, achieves value preservation and efficiency enhancement of bankruptcy estates, and provides legal support for intelligent shipping development.