욥기에서 엘리후 연설(욥 32-37장)의 위치와 기능
The Meaning and Role of the Elihu Speeches(Job 32-37)
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엘리후 연설(욥 32-37장)의 의미와 기능에 대한 많은 논의가 있지만 학자들 사이에 일치된 견해를 발견하기가 어렵다. 엘리후의 주장과 신학적 입장이 욥의 세 친구들(엘리바스, 빌닷, 소발)과 같다고 보는 견해로부터 다르다고 보는 관점, 그리고 엘리후를 긍정적인 인물로 평가하는 견해로부터 부정적으로 보는 관점까지 학자들의 해석이 실로 다양하다. 본고는 첫째, 엘리후의 메시지가 세 친구들과 크게 다르지 않음을 밝힌다. 세 친구들은 사탄이 엘리바스에게 전해준 계시(욥 4:12-21)에 기초해 욥이 받는 고난의 배후에는 숨겨진 죄가 있다고 주장하는데, 엘리후 역시 동일한 방식으로 욥을 정죄하고 회개를 촉구한다. 나아가 엘리후의 마지막 연설인 욥기 36-37장이 엘리바스의 첫 연설인 욥기 4-5장과 인클루지오를 형성하며 유사한 내용과 구조를 담고 있는데, 이는 엘리후의 연설이 엘리바스의 주장에 기초해 있음을 보여준다. 둘째, 본고는 욥기의 신학적 중심인 28장과의 연관성 속에서 엘리후가 어리석은 자로 묘사되고 있음을 보인다. 세 친구들(욥 4-25장)과 엘리후(욥 32-37장)는 욥의 고난을 보응원리에 기초해 섣불리 진단하는데, 욥기 28장(참조. 욥 38-41장)은 고난의 문제를 다루시는 하나님의 지혜를 소개함으로 세 친구들과 엘리후의 시도가 얼마나 무모한지를 보여준다. 특히 세 친구들이 침묵하고 욥기 28장의 메시지가 주어진 상황인데도 불구하고 엘리후가 다시 등장하여 세 친구들의 논지를 이어간다는 것은 그의 어리석음의 극치를 드러낸다.
Abstract
Much ink has been spilled concerning the meaning and role of the Elihu speeches(Job 32-37) in the book of Job, but little consensus has been reached among scholars. For example, as for the Elihu’s contribution to the book, Elihu is seen either as mostly rehashing the traditional theology of the three friends or as making a unique contribution by presenting a theological outlook that is different from that of the friends. As for Job's character, some hold him positively, while others take him more negatively. This paper argues two points. First, Elihu's argument is virtually identical to that of the three friends. Like the friends, Elihu also leverages Eliphaz’s vision (Job 4:12-21)--one that originates from Satan--to condemn Job as a sinner by bolstering the doctrine of retribution. Moreover, Eliphaz's first speech in Job 4-5 and Elihu's speech in Job 36-37 form an inclusio with nearly identical content and form, and this structure further demonstrates that Elihu virtually reduplicates the role and argument of the friends. Second, Elihu subverts himself as a fool by standing as a theological foil to the wisdom lesson of Job 28. While the friends (chs. 4-25) and Elihu (chs. 32-37) attempt to explain Job's suffering based on the doctrine of retribution, Job 28--serving as the pivotal center of the book--warns against joining such a debate by pointing to the limitation of human wisdom exhibited by the friends (and Elihu). They were to terminate their debate, be silent, and trust in God who in His wisdom manages all things for His own purpose, which includes the problem of suffering and evil. In this regards, Elihu, like the three, serves as a foil to the wisdom teaching of Job 28.
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