이사야 63:7-64:11의 공동체 탄식 기도
The Communal Lament Prayer in Isaiah 63:7-64:11
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비정형적인 요소를 가진 공동체 탄식시로 알려진 이사야 63:7-64:11은 시온과 시온 백성의 회복을 그리고 있는 이사야 60-62장과 현저하게 달라지는 분위기, 황폐한 시온의 상황 묘사, 독특한 표현 때문에 본래 이사야서와 관계없이 독립적으로 존재하다가 후대 편집 과정에서 이사야서 최종본의 현재 위치에 삽입된 것으로 여겨져 왔다. 본 연구는 정경적, 문학적 관점에서 이사야 63:7-64:11의 공동체 탄식 기도가 선행 본문인 59:15b-63:6에 나타난 시온의 회복과 구원의 약속에 근거한 기도이며, 하나님의 성품과 말씀에 근거한 기도가 하나님이 일하시도록 하는 촉구는 가장 강력한 방법임을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 59:15b-63:6에 약속된 시온의 회복과 구원의 주요 내용을 살펴보고, 다음으로 이사야 63:7-64:11이 어떻게 선행 본문(59:15b-63:6)의 어휘, 이미지, 주제를 활용하여 주어진 약속이 성취되지 않고 있음을 탄식하고 하나님의 직접적이고 강력한 개입을 간구하는지 고찰하였다. 59:15b-63:6은 자신의 원수에게 보응하고, 죄과를 떠나는 자를 구속하시는 하나님의 도래 (59:15b-21; 63:1-6)가 시온의 외적 회복(60:1-22)과 시온 백성의 내적 변화(61:1-62:12)가 이루어질 새 시대를 가져 올 것을 약속한다. 하지만, 이사야의 공동체가 경험하는 현실은 약속의 성취와 너무나 동떨어져 있다. 그래서, ‘여호와로 기억하시게 하는 자들’ (62:6)은 63:7-64:11의 기도를 통해 하나님이 하신 약속을 기억하고 성취하시도록 촉구한다. 하나님의 진노와 부재를 경험하는 공동체는 먼저 하나님의 언약적 사랑의 신실함을 찬양하면서 하나님이 자신의 자비하신 성품과 과거에 행하신 사랑의 행동을 기억하시도록 한다(63:7-14). 그리고, 하나님이 하신 약속을 기억하시도록 이미 주어진 약속(59:15b-63:6)에 근거하여 현재 시온의 황폐함과 시온 백성들의 죄를 탄식하며, 하나님의 임재로 개입 하셔서 현재의 비참한 상황에서 구원해 주시기를 간구한다(63:15-64:11).
Abstract
Isaiah 63:7-64:11 is a communal lament prayer with the atypical element of confession of sin. Because of its form, unique expressions, and description of Zion’s desolation, it has often been regarded that originally it was an independent text for the destructed temple liturgy, only later incorporated into the book of Isaiah in the late editorial process. Thus, relatively little attention has been given to this passage as an integral part of Isaiah 56-66 and its relationship to Isaiah 59:15b-63:6. This study aims to present that Isaiah 63:7-64:11 is a carefully constructed prayer based upon the promises of salvation in Isaiah 59:15b-63:6 and that the prayer claiming God’s character and his promises is the most powerful way to motivate God to act. Canonical and literary approaches are used to attain the goal of this study. First, we will examine the promises given in 59:15b-63:6. Second, we will observe how the prayer in 63:7-64:11 expresses the lament for the unfulfilled promises and implores YHWH to act by adopting and creatively modifying the key terms, imagery, and themes of 59:15b-63:6. In 59:15b-63:6, the coming of Divine Warrior will result in the reversal of the fortunes of Zion and her inhabitants. However, the absence of YHWH, the desolation of Zion, and the defilement of her inhabitants described in 63:7-64:11 stand in stark contrast with this magnificent vision of Zion’s future glory. Hence, “the remembrancers of God”(62:6) remind YHWH of his faithful love toward Israel in the past(63:7-14) and lament the people's sin and Zion's desolation seeking God's theophanic presence. From these observations, we can conclude that the prayer in Isaiah 63:7-64:11 functions as a persistent reminder to YHWH of his faithful love and promises of his salvation portrayed in Isaiah 59:15b-63:6.
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