솔로몬과 바로(파라오)의 딸의 정략결혼에 관한 고찰
Solomon’s Diplomatic Marriage to the Pharaoh's Daughter
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솔로몬의 수많은 외국인 아내 중에서 바로의 딸은 솔로몬 내러티브(왕상 3-11장)에서 가장 많이 언급되는 인물이다. 여러 학자들은 이 내용이 솔로몬의 위대함을 강조하기 위한 성경저자의 상상물로 취급해 왔으며, 이러한 추세는 ‘애굽 공주들은 절대 외국으로 시집가지 않았다’고 기록된 아마르나 문서가 발견(1887년)된 이후 더욱 박차를 가하게 되었다. 필자는 위와 같은 연구들이 솔로몬 시대가 애굽 제3중간기(특히 21-22왕조)에 해당함에도 그보다 3백여년 앞선 신왕국 시대 문서에 의존한다는 점에서 시대착오적인 접근임을 밝히고, 제3중간기에 있어서 애굽 왕가의 결혼 관습에 대한 변화를 분석한다. 또한 성경 저자들은 솔로몬의 애굽 아내를 언급함으로써 그를 높이려는 의도가 아니라, 애굽과의 긴밀한 연관성에 대해 비판하려는 의도가 있었음을 밝힌다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 애굽의 신왕국과 제3중간기의 역사적 정황에 대한 분석을 통해 애굽 공주들의 결혼 관습에 있어서의 변화를 살핀 후, 성경 저자들이 이 기사를 통해 드러내고자 했던 의도를 고찰한다.
Abstract
Solomon enjoyed an unprecedentedly splendid period in the history of ancient Israel. He was engaged in numerous international marriages for diplomatic purposes which was usual in the ancient Near East. Among his many marriages, one to a daughter of Pharaoh is unique in that she is repeatedly mentioned as his wife throughout the Solomon Narrative (1 Kings 3-11). Some scholars maintain that this story is embellished to highlight Solomon’s greatness. Their arguments are based on the Amarna Letters which were composed during the New Kingdom. According to one letter, a certain Pharaoh, Amenhotep III, said that Egyptian princesses were not given to any foreign country. However, the present research raises questions against their ideas. Even though Solomon’s period belongs to the Third Intermediate Period (especially 21st-22nd Dynasties) in Egyptian history, their arguments are based only on materials from the New Kingdom (especially 18th Dynasty). Moreover, it is quite questionable if the author of 1 Kings ever intended to emphasize Solomon’s international reputation by mentioning his marriage with the Egyptian princess. To resolve the scholars’ erroneous arguments, this research analyzes the newly changed marriage customs of the Egyptian princesses during the Third Intermediate Period with the Egyptian historical perspective. In turn, I discuss the intentions of the authors (1 Kings and 2 Chronicles) according to their narrative perspectives. All in all, the present study proves that Solomon’s diplomatic marriage with Pharaoh’s daughter is to criticize his closeness to Egypt rather than to praise him.
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