A Study on the Social Enterprise Development Modes of China, Japan, and Korea based on the Propensity models of Governments, Markets and Civil Societies
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From the perspective of international comparison, this study compares and analyzes the characteristics and experiences of social enterprise（SE）development modes of China, Korea, and Japan, and provides the implications for the development of Chinese SE. First, the study reconstructs a theoretical framework that applies to the establishment of SE models of the three countries by analyzing their status, characteristics, and paths of the development of SEs based on the existing theories. Second, the study derives the SE development models of the three countries by using government, market, and civil society as the criteria for defining the types of SE models to analyze the propensities of governments, markets, and civil societies in the formation of SE’s characteristics in the three countries. Then, the performances of governments, markets, and civil societies of these three countries are judged by corresponding indicators. With the performance results, plus the SE models, the SE development modes of these three countries are developed. A comparison of the different SE modes of these three countries with their corresponding degrees of social environment development reveals that a mature development of a country's government, market, and civil society has played an important role in influencing the formation of SE development mode. First, the government's governance capacity and policy orientations in the public sphere largely determine the development status and direction of SEs. Second, the influence of government, market, and civil society on SE development in each country is related to its own development status. Besides, the development of SEs in China, Japan, and Korea has been uneven in terms of the degree of influence of government, market, and civil society on SEs. Finally, this study explores the development path of Chinese SE in the existing social and economic environment through the summary of the experience in the formation of the SE modes of China, Japan, and Korea.
Abstract
From the perspective of international comparison, this study compares and analyzes the characteristics and experiences of social enterprise（SE）development modes of China, Korea, and Japan, and provides the implications for the development of Chinese SE. First, the study reconstructs a theoretical framework that applies to the establishment of SE models of the three countries by analyzing their status, characteristics, and paths of the development of SEs based on the existing theories. Second, the study derives the SE development models of the three countries by using government, market, and civil society as the criteria for defining the types of SE models to analyze the propensities of governments, markets, and civil societies in the formation of SE’s characteristics in the three countries. Then, the performances of governments, markets, and civil societies of these three countries are judged by corresponding indicators. With the performance results, plus the SE models, the SE development modes of these three countries are developed. A comparison of the different SE modes of these three countries with their corresponding degrees of social environment development reveals that a mature development of a country's government, market, and civil society has played an important role in influencing the formation of SE development mode. First, the government's governance capacity and policy orientations in the public sphere largely determine the development status and direction of SEs. Second, the influence of government, market, and civil society on SE development in each country is related to its own development status. Besides, the development of SEs in China, Japan, and Korea has been uneven in terms of the degree of influence of government, market, and civil society on SEs. Finally, this study explores the development path of Chinese SE in the existing social and economic environment through the summary of the experience in the formation of the SE modes of China, Japan, and Korea.
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