18세기 프랑스에서 튀르크 문화의 재현(Turquerie)에 관한 연구 -오스만제국과 프랑스 왕국 간 동맹 관계를 중심으로-
Study on the “Turquerie”, the Turkish Style in France during the 18th Century: Focused on the alliance between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of France
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Turquerie was the Turkish style that swept over Western Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries. It was the fascination that captured the European’s imagination of culture, fine arts, and fashion of the Ottoman people and was a rich source of exotic and mysterious inspiration to the Europeans. The Turquerie trend originated in the Kingdom of France, which had decorated the royal palaces with carpets weaved in Eastern Anatolia in the 14th century. The trend reached its climax during the 18th century, when the upper classes tried to imitate the Ottoman culture, fashion and lifestyle. France and the Ottoman Empire were allies under the Capitulation Treaty. This treaty provided privileges of taxation, religious activity, and extraterritorial consular jurisdiction to the French monarchy granted by the Ottoman sultan. With the most favored nation clause, the French monarch dispatched merchants, diplomats, and missionaries to the Ottoman Empire. These individuals carried out activities such as collecting documents, reporting for state affairs, promotion of commerce, and writing a travelogue. All of this stimulated the infusion of Turkish style that rushed into France during the 18th century. This paper explores the Turquerie movement was formed and come into fashion in France. With this in mind, this research focuses on two main questions. First, what were the political and socio-cultural mechanisms that made the trend possible despite the religious and cultural differences between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of France? Second, how did these mechanisms work that specifically led to the Turquerie trend? In an attempt to answer these questions, I focused on a close and important alliance between the two countries. The findings show that the Kingdom of France played a major role as a platform in accepting and proliferating the Turkish culture.
Abstract
Turquerie was the Turkish style that swept over Western Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries. It was the fascination that captured the European’s imagination of culture, fine arts, and fashion of the Ottoman people and was a rich source of exotic and mysterious inspiration to the Europeans. The Turquerie trend originated in the Kingdom of France, which had decorated the royal palaces with carpets weaved in Eastern Anatolia in the 14th century. The trend reached its climax during the 18th century, when the upper classes tried to imitate the Ottoman culture, fashion and lifestyle. France and the Ottoman Empire were allies under the Capitulation Treaty. This treaty provided privileges of taxation, religious activity, and extraterritorial consular jurisdiction to the French monarchy granted by the Ottoman sultan. With the most favored nation clause, the French monarch dispatched merchants, diplomats, and missionaries to the Ottoman Empire. These individuals carried out activities such as collecting documents, reporting for state affairs, promotion of commerce, and writing a travelogue. All of this stimulated the infusion of Turkish style that rushed into France during the 18th century. This paper explores the Turquerie movement was formed and come into fashion in France. With this in mind, this research focuses on two main questions. First, what were the political and socio-cultural mechanisms that made the trend possible despite the religious and cultural differences between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of France? Second, how did these mechanisms work that specifically led to the Turquerie trend? In an attempt to answer these questions, I focused on a close and important alliance between the two countries. The findings show that the Kingdom of France played a major role as a platform in accepting and proliferating the Turkish culture.
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