라틴어 문법학의 품사론 발전 연구 (1) －고대 라틴어 문법학의 품사체계의 확립－

Abstract

This article aims to investigate the emergence and the establishment of thesystem of the parts of speech in ancient Latin grammars. The overall structureof Latin grammar itself and the contents and form of the description of thesystem of word classes were constructed under the great influence of ancientGreek grammatical tradition. The system of the eight parts of speech andfurthermore the definitions and properties of each part of speech employed inancient Greek grammars were used by the Latin grammarians without anyvisible transformations in essence. Nevertheless, the ancient Latin grammariansattempted to, and succeeded in adapting the Greek system to their own needs,which arose from the fact that the Latin language was different from Greekdespite the inherent grammatical similarities, both being the daughter languagesof the Proto-Indo-European language. The most observable transformation made by the Latin grammarians is theorder of the eight parts of speech and the replacement of the article category by the interjection. Although the number of the parts of speech proposeddiffered from grammarian to grammarian, the system of eight parts was themost preferred one during the period of the first to the fourth century. Afterthe middle of the fourth century, however, when Donatus produced his ArsMaior, the system of the eight parts of speech and the order of the parts usedby Donatus became the canonical scheme in Latin grammatical description. Theauthority of Donatian system was reinforced by the Donatus commentariesproduced during the fourth and fifth centuries. This article analyses and compares Dionysius Thrax' Technē Grammatikē andDonatus' Ars Maior with a view to examining the context in which the ancientLatin grammatical tradition was formed and established itself with regard to thespecific area of the system of the parts of speech.