이스라엘 연립정부 구성의 의의와 정당정치: 라피드-베네트 연립정부 등장을 중심으로
The Coalition Government in a Multiparty Knesset Democracy in Israel: An Analysis of the Coalition Government of Lapid-Bennett
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초록
2019년 4월 제21대 총선부터 2021년 3월의 제24대 총선까지 총 2년의 기간 동안 네 번 시행된 이스라엘의 총선은 이스라엘의 유권자들에게 정치적 피로감과 함께 이스라엘의 정치체제인 의회민주주의와 연립정부 구성의 안정성에 대한 의구심을 가져왔다. 2021년 3월 제 24대 총선 이후에는 가자지구 하마스와의 무력충돌로 인해 이스라엘의 지정학적 상황이 기존 집권 세력이었던 우익 리쿠드 당(Likud)에게 유리하게 돌아가는가 싶더니, 현재의 이스라엘은 이른바 '무지개 연정'이라는 새로운 가능성과 연대를 보여주고 있다(Scheindlin 2021). 따라서 본 논문에서는 이스라엘의 연립정부구성과 정당정치를 조망하고, 심의민주주의와 다양한 민의 수렴 측면에서의 정당 이념분포(identitcal dispersion)에 따라 라피드-베네트 연정이 갖는 함의와 불안정성 요인에 대하여 고찰해보고자 한다.
Abstract
From the 21st general election in April 2019 to the 24th general election in March 2021, the Israeli general election, which was held four times within two years, had brought a continued political fatigue of Israeli voters and the Israeli coalition party system, and raised doubts on Israeli parliament stability. By agreement, on June 13, 2021, the 36th Israeli government, the Lapid-Bennett Coalition emerged. The coalition can be analyzed as a so-called “Anti-Netanyahu coalition.” However, It has its own significance as a government with diverse ideological pluralism based on the values of representative democracy. The minority parties, including an Arab party, play a role as a casting vote and maximized strong political influence relative to their party sizes. Therefore, this paper examines the formation of a coalition government and party politics in Israel. Moreover, it analyzes how the ideological dispersion of each party affects the stability of the Lapid-Bennett coalition government in the deliberative democracy.
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