Characterization of Differential Cesium Toxicity and Cesium-affected Transcription of K+ or Na+ Transporter Genes in Model Plants and Horticultural Crops
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Pollutant toxicity influences biomass increment and pollutant uptake in phytoremediation;therefore, tolerance to pollutant toxicity is important in determining applicability ofcandidate plants. This study investigated relative Cs toxicity in Arabidopsis, cabbage, lettuce, redpepper, rice, and tomato seedlings through growth, photosynthesis, and/or transcription assays. When treated with 100, 300, 800, or 1,500 μM CsCl, the six plant species showed substantialdifferences in changes in seedling weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, ortranscription of K+ or Na+ transporter genes, and exhibited higher susceptibility to Cs toxicity inthe order of Arabidopsis<rice<red pepper<tomato <cabbage<lettuce. Co-treatment with NaClor mannitol demonstrated that salt or osmotic stress could increase Cs toxicity in Arabidopsisseedlings. Among the five K+ or Na+ transporter genes, NHX5, SOS1, KT1, NHD1, and HKT1, ahigh-affinity potassium transporter gene HKT1 and a sodium hydrogen antiporter gene NHD1showed Cs concentration-dependent decrease in transcription, associating more with Cs toxicitythan Cs uptake. In contrast, a low-dose gamma radiation of 8 Gy increased shoot growth slightlybut decreased Cs uptake in seedlings. Taken together, these results suggest that the differential Cstoxicity to these six plant species could be somewhat associated with the distinctive transcriptionof K+ or Na+ transporter genes and that salt or osmotic stress and gamma radiation couldindirectly modulate Cs toxicity or Cs uptake.
Abstract
Pollutant toxicity influences biomass increment and pollutant uptake in phytoremediation;therefore, tolerance to pollutant toxicity is important in determining applicability ofcandidate plants. This study investigated relative Cs toxicity in Arabidopsis, cabbage, lettuce, redpepper, rice, and tomato seedlings through growth, photosynthesis, and/or transcription assays. When treated with 100, 300, 800, or 1,500 μM CsCl, the six plant species showed substantialdifferences in changes in seedling weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, ortranscription of K+ or Na+ transporter genes, and exhibited higher susceptibility to Cs toxicity inthe order of Arabidopsis<rice<red pepper<tomato <cabbage<lettuce. Co-treatment with NaClor mannitol demonstrated that salt or osmotic stress could increase Cs toxicity in Arabidopsisseedlings. Among the five K+ or Na+ transporter genes, NHX5, SOS1, KT1, NHD1, and HKT1, ahigh-affinity potassium transporter gene HKT1 and a sodium hydrogen antiporter gene NHD1showed Cs concentration-dependent decrease in transcription, associating more with Cs toxicitythan Cs uptake. In contrast, a low-dose gamma radiation of 8 Gy increased shoot growth slightlybut decreased Cs uptake in seedlings. Taken together, these results suggest that the differential Cstoxicity to these six plant species could be somewhat associated with the distinctive transcriptionof K+ or Na+ transporter genes and that salt or osmotic stress and gamma radiation couldindirectly modulate Cs toxicity or Cs uptake.
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