본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents

1

조회

0

다운로드

4

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류정형외과학

초록

Background: An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research. Methods: Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified. Results: An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep·set-1 1-2 set·region-1 and 3 days·week-1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps·min-1, 10 min·day-1 and 2 days·week-1. Conclusions: Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.

Abstract

Background: An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research. Methods: Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified. Results: An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep·set-1 1-2 set·region-1 and 3 days·week-1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps·min-1, 10 min·day-1 and 2 days·week-1. Conclusions: Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.

참고문헌 (73)

  1. Duncan CS, "Bone mineral density in adolescent female athletes: relationship to exercise type and muscle strength", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, pp.286~294 (2002)
  2. LeBlanc AD, "Skeletal responses to space flight and the bed rest analog: a review", J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 7, pp.33~47 (2007)
  3. Warden SJ, "Bone adaptation to a mechanical loading program significantly increases skeletal fatigue resistance", J Bone Miner Res, 20, pp.809~816 (2005)
  4. Krahl H, "Stimulation of bone growth through sports. A radiologic investigation of the upper extremities in professional tennis players", Am J Sports Med, 22, pp.751~757 (1994)
  5. Bone health and osteoporosis: A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, "Office of the Surgeon General", Office of the Surgeon General, ~ (2004)
  6. Kohrt WM, "American college of sports medicine position stand: physical activity and bone health", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 36, pp.1985~1996 (2004)
  7. Heaney RP, "Peak bone mass", Osteoporos Int, 11, pp.985~1009 (2000)
  8. Hernandez CJ, "A theoretical analysis of the relative influences of peak BMD, age-related bone loss and menopause on the development of osteoporosis", Osteoporos Int, 14, pp.843~847 (2003)
  9. Clark EM, "Association between bone mass and fractures in children: a prospective cohort study", J Bone Miner Res, 21, pp.1489~1495 (2006)
  10. Baptista F, "Handbook of growth and growth monitoring in health and disease", pp.2395~2411 (2011), Springer
  11. Gunter KB, "Physical activity in childhood may be the key to optimizing lifespan skeletal health", Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 40, pp.13~21 (2012)
  12. Troiano RP, "Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40, pp.181~188 (2008)
  13. Ministry of Education, "The twelfth Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey" (2016), Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  14. National Youth Policy Institute, "Study on the current status of Korean children’s and youth rights III" (2013), National Youth Policy Institute
  15. Kim SY, "Guidance for development of clinical practice guidelines" (2011), National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency
  16. Giangregorio LM, "Too Fit To Fracture: exercise recommendations for individuals with osteoporosis or osteoporotic vertebral fracture", Osteoporos Int, 25, pp.821~835 (2014)
  17. Beck BR, "Exercise and sports science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise prescription for the prevention and management of osteoporosis", J Sci Med Sport, 20, pp.438~445 (2017)
  18. Janz KF, "Top 10 research questions related to physical activity and bone health in children and adolescents", Res Q Exerc Sport, 86, pp.5~12 (2015)
  19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Physical activity guidelines for Americans" (2018), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  20. Higgins JPT, "Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: Version 5.1.0" (2011), The Cochrane Collaboration
  21. Bailey DA, "A six-year longitudinal study of the relationship of physical activity to bone mineral accrual in growing children: the university of Saskatchewan bone mineral accrual study", J Bone Miner Res, 14, pp.1672~1679 (1999)
  22. Baxter-Jones AD, "Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: an estimation of peak bone mass", J Bone Miner Res, 26, pp.1729~1739 (2011)
  23. Berger C, "Peak bone mass from longitudinal data: implications for the prevalence, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis", J Bone Miner Res, 25, pp.1948~1957 (2010)
  24. Weaver CM, "Erratum to: The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations", Osteoporos Int, 27, pp.1387~ (2016)
  25. Tveit M, "Exercise in youth: High bone mass, large bone size, and low fracture risk in old age", Scand J Med Sci Sports, 25, pp.453~461 (2015)
  26. Strope MA, "Physical activity-associated bone loading during adolescence and young adulthood is positively associated with adult bone mineral density in men", Am J Mens Health, 9, pp.442~450 (2015)
  27. Bielemann RM, "Physical activity throughout adolescence and bone mineral density in early adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study", Osteoporos Int, 25, pp.2007~2015 (2014)
  28. Tolonen S, "Adolescence physical activity is associated with higher tibial pQCT bone values in adulthood after 28-years of follow-up--the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study", Bone, 75, pp.77~83 (2015)
  29. Jackowski SA, "Adolescent physical activity and bone strength at the proximal femur in adulthood", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46, pp.736~744 (2014)
  30. Ramires VV, "Physical activity throughout adolescence and body composition at 18 years: 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study", Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 13, pp.105~ (2016)
  31. Duckham RL, "Does physical activity in adolescence have site-specific and sex-specific benefits on young adult bone size, content, and estimated strength?", J Bone Miner Res, 29, pp.479~486 (2014)
  32. Marin-Puyalto J, "Frequency and duration of vigorous physical activity bouts are associated with adolescent boys' bone mineral status: A cross-sectional study", Bone, 120, pp.141~147 (2019)
  33. Nordström P, "Type of physical activity, muscle strength, and pubertal stage as determinants of bone mineral density and bone area in adolescent boys", J Bone Miner Res, 13, pp.1141~1148 (1998)
  34. Diniz TA, "Relationship between total and segmental bone mineral density and different domains of physical activity among children and adolescents: cross-sectional study", Sao Paulo Med J, 135, pp.444~449 (2017)
  35. Eliakim A, "Evidence for increased bone formation following a brief endurance-type training intervention in adolescent males", J Bone Miner Res, 12, pp.1708~1713 (1997)
  36. 임관철, "육상운동 프로그램이 여자 중학생의 건강관련체력과 복부지방 및 골밀도에 미치는 영향", 한국체육과학회지, 25(4), pp.1337~1346 (2016), 한국체육과학회
  37. Okano H, "Effects of exercise and amenorrhea on bone mineral density in teenage runners", Endocr J, 42, pp.271~276 (1995)
  38. Jang JH, "Comparison of upper limb bone density between high school women soccer players and age-matched women students", orea J Sport, 6, pp.167~175 (2008)
  39. Burrows M, "Physiological factors associated with low bone mineral density in female endurance runners", Br J Sports Med, 37, pp.67~71 (2003)
  40. Nguyen T, "Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density", BMJ, 307, pp.1111~1115 (1993)
  41. 이종도, "여자 고등학생의 운동 종목별 골밀도에 관한 연구", 한국여성체육학회지, 20(3), pp.37~44 (2006), 한국여성체육학회
  42. Agostinete RR, "The impact of training load on bone mineral density of adolescent swimmers: A structural equation modeling approach", Pediatr Exerc Sci, 29, pp.520~528 (2017)
  43. Bellew JW, "A comparison of bone mineral density in adolescent female swimmers, soccer players, and weight lifters", Pediatr Phys Ther, 18, pp.19~22 (2006)
  44. Campos RM, "Aerobic plus resistance training improves bone metabolism and inflammation in adolescents who are obese", J Strength Cond Res, 28, pp.758~766 (2014)
  45. Snow-Harter C, "Effects of resistance and endurance exercise on bone mineral status of young women: a randomized exercise intervention trial", J Bone Miner Res, 7, pp.761~769 (1992)
  46. Faigenbaum AD, "Youth resistance training: updated position statement paper from the national strength and conditioning association", J Strength Cond Res, 23, pp.S60~S79 (2009)
  47. United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, "National electronic injury surveillance system" (1987), United States Consumer Product Safety Commission
  48. Volek JS, "Increasing fluid milk favorably affects bone mineral density responses to resistance training in adolescent boys", J Am Diet Assoc, 103, pp.1353~1356 (2003)
  49. Nichols DL, "Resistance training and bone mineral density in adolescent females", J Pediatr, 139, pp.494~500 (2001)
  50. Bernardoni B, "A school-based resistance intervention improves skeletal growth in adolescent females", Osteoporos Int, 25, pp.1025~1032 (2014)
  51. Koşar ŞN, "Associations of lean and fat mass measures with whole body bone mineral content and bone mineral density in female adolescent weightlifters and swimmers", Turk J Pediatr, 58, pp.79~85 (2016)
  52. Weeks BK, "Eight months of regular in-school jumping improves indices of bone strength in adolescent boys and girls: the POWER PE study", J Bone Miner Res, 23, pp.1002~1011 (2008)
  53. Stear SJ, "Effect of a calcium and exercise intervention on the bone mineral status of 16-18- y-old adolescent girls", Am J Clin Nutr, 77, pp.985~992 (2003)
  54. Welten DC, "Weight-bearing activity during youth is a more important factor for peak bone mass than calcium intake", 9, pp.1089~1096 (1994)
  55. Myers AM, "Resistance training for children and adolescents", Transl Pediatr, 6, pp.137~143 (2017)
  56. Vlachopoulos D, "The effect of a high-impact jumping intervention on bone mass, bone stiffness and fitness parameters in adolescent athletes", Arch Osteoporos, 13, pp.128~ (2018)
  57. Vlachopoulos D, "A 9- month jumping intervention to improve bone geometry in adolescent male athletes", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 50, pp.2544~2554 (2018)
  58. MacKelvie KJ, "Bone mineral response to a 7-month randomized controlled, school-based jumping intervention in 121 prepubertal boys: associations with ethnicity and body mass index", J Bone Miner Res, 17, pp.834~844 (2002)
  59. Larsen MN, "Positive effects on bone mineralisation and muscular fitness after 10 months of intense school-based physical training for children aged 8-10 years: the FIT FIRST randomised controlled trial", Br J Sports Med, 52, pp.254~260 (2018)
  60. Witzke KA, "Effects of plyometric jump training on bone mass in adolescent girls", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, pp.1051~1057 (2000)
  61. Dekker J, "Wnt signaling-related osteokines and transforming growth factors before and after a single bout of plyometric exercise in child and adolescent females", Pediatr Exerc Sci, 29, pp.504~512 (2017)
  62. Arnett MG, "Effects of rope-jump training on the os calcis stiffness index of postpubescent girls", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, pp.1913~1919 (2002)
  63. Johannsen N, "Bone response to jumping is site-specific in children: a randomized trial", Bone, 33, pp.533~539 (2003)
  64. Heinonen A, "High-impact exercise and bones of growing girls: a 9-month controlled trial", Osteoporos Int, 11, pp.1010~1017 (2000)
  65. Pettersson U, "Effect of high impact activity on bone mass and size in adolescent females: A comparative study between two different types of sports", Calcif Tissue Int, 67, pp.207~214 (2000)
  66. Dias Quiterio AL, "Skeletal mass in adolescent male athletes and nonathletes: relationships with high-impact sports", J Strength Cond Res, 25, pp.3439~3447 (2011)
  67. Kontulainen SA, "Does previous participation in high-impact training result in residual bone gain in growing girls? One year follow-up of a 9-month jumping intervention", Int J Sports Med, 23, pp.575~581 (2002)
  68. Evans RK, "Effects of a 4-month recruit training program on markers of bone metabolism", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40, pp.S660~S670 (2008)
  69. "Sampling design of student health examinations in 2018" (2019)[URL]
  70. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, "Survey on citizens’ sports participation" (2015), Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
  71. World Health Organization, "Prevalence of insufficient physical activity" (2010), World Health Organization
  72. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, "Education at a glance 2015: OECD indicators" (2015), OECD Publishing
  73. "NYPI panel survey: Junior high school" (2010)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

청소년들의 최대 골량 향상을 위한 운동 가이드라인김상현, 김창선, 민석기, 박동호, 오태웅, 정호연, 조진경한국운동생리학회 · 운동과학2020 · 제29권 제1호Physical Activity in Adolescence Has a Positive Effect on Bone Mineral Density in Young Men김진현, 박정덕, 정문기, 최병선, 홍연표대한예방의학회 · 예방의학회지2013 · 제46권 제2호Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines for Osteoporosis Management and Fall Prevention in Osteoporosis Patients김영표, 김창선, 민석기, 이유미, Hyo-Jin Kim, Hyuntae Park, Jinkyung Cho, Seongryu Bae, Seungyong Lee, Yong-Chan Ha, Yong-In Ju대한골대사학회 · 대한골대사학회지2023 · 제30권 제2호Track and Field Practice and Bone Outcomes among Adolescents: A Pilot Study (ABCD-Growth Study)André Oliveira Werneck, Igor Hideki Ito, Isabella Neto Exupério, Kyle Robinson Lynch, Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete, Romulo Araújo Fernandes, Santiago Maillane-Vanegas, Yuri da Silva Ventura Faustino-da-Silva대한골대사학회 · 대한골대사학회지2018 · 제25권 제1호Predictive factors of bone strength variation in adolescent girls according to body compositionKhwanchuea Rapheeporn대한소아내분비학회 · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism2024 · 제29권 제2호고강도 간헐적 운동이 여자 중학생의 건강관련체력과골밀도에 미치는 영향김경래, 이태희, 이혜윤뇌·AI기반교육연구소 · Brain, Digital, & Learning2020 · 제10권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)