신생기업(Startups)의 개방형 혁신과 혁신성과에 관한 실증연구 - 지식재산스톡의 조절역할
An empirical study on the open innovation and its effects on the innovation performance of Startups: The moderating role of the intellectual property stock
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초록
최근 개방형 혁신에 대한 인식이 높아짐에 따라 기업들은 기술혁신 프로세스를 개방함으로써 기술혁신의 불확실성을 감소시키고 그 성공률을 제고하고자 하는 경향이 증가하고 있다. 특히 기술혁신을 위한 자원이 부족한 기업들은 외부로부터 기술적 지식을 획득함과 동시에 체계적인 기술경영활동을 통해 보다 효과적으로 혁신성과를 창출하고 궁극적으로 기업의 생존, 성장과 경쟁우위를 확보할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 기존의 연구들이 주는 시사점과 더불어 중소규모 기업들에 의한 개방형 혁신활동이 증가함에도 불구하고 아직까지 신생기업(Startups)들에게 있어 그러한 개방형 혁신활동을 통해 혁신성과를 창출하는 것이 유효한 전략이 되는지에 대한 실증적인 증거가 거의 존재하지 않는 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국의 신생기업들을 대상으로 외부의 기술적 지식도입과 혁신성과와의 관계에 대한 실증분석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 신생기업에 대한 혁신 연구에 있어서는 연구개발 투입보다는 지식재산스톡이라는 개념이 보다 더 유용하다는 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 신생기업들의 내향적 개방형 혁신활동은 신생기업의 혁신성과 향상에 기여한다는 실증적 증거를 발견하지 못하였다. 셋째, 그럼에도 불구하고 신생기업들은 조직내부의 지식재산스톡을 축적함으로써 내향적 개방형 혁신전략 중 특히 기술도입을 통한 혁신성과의 제고가 가능하다는 사실을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 혁신프로세스의 개방을 통한 혁신전략의 수행이 일정한 조건을 충족시키는 경우에 한해 신생기업에게 있어 유효한 전략이 될 수 있다는 점을 시사해 주며, 기존의 중소기업 및 대기업을 대상으로 한 연구들과 종합해 볼 때, 혁신성과 향상을 위한 개방형 혁신전략의 효과성은 기업이 처한 상황에 따라 상이할 수 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
As recognition of the open innovation recently grows, firms increasingly tend to open their innovation process for the technological innovation and decrease its uncertainty, and to eventually enhance its probability of success. Particularly, firms without enough resources for technological innovation may acquire technological knowledge from external sources, create more effectively the innovation performance through the systemic management of the innovation process, and finally can expect to survive and make sustainable growth and competitive advantage. There are lacks of empirical evidences on if the new innovation strategy could be effective to startups pursuing to increase their innovation performance even though we have implications from existing literatures and the open innovation strategy is diffusing into domestic firms including SMEs. Therefore, this paper explored the relationship between inbound open innovation strategy absorbing technological knowledge and the innovation performance by focusing on start-up firms in Korea, and found following results; first, we found that the concept of “intellectual property stock” can be proper to measure capabilities of absorbing technological knowledge in studying technological innovation of start-up firms. Second, estimation results do not show the positive effects of the inbound open innovation on the innovation performance of startups. Third, we confirmed that the startup firms with more accumulation of intellectual property stock could effectively increase their innovation performance from the inward technology licensing, one of principal mechanisms for the inbound open innovation strategy. This paper give us an important implication that there can be some conditions the open innovation strategy being effective to the innovation performance of startups. In synthesizing previous literatures on large and small-and-medium sized firms, we can understand that the effectiveness on innovation performance of open innovation strategy may be conditioned by the aspects of organizations.
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