석박사 졸업자의 혁신성과에 지도교수의 발명자 네트워크가 미치는 효과
The Effects of Collaborative Networks of Academic Advisors on the Innovative Performance of Their Former Students with Graduate Degrees
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대학교수가 형성하는 연구 네트워크는 지도학생의 재학 중 지식습득에 영향을미칠 뿐 아니라, 졸업한 후의 혁신성과에도 영향력을 지니는 네트워크 자산이다. 본 연구는 지도교수로부터 지도학생에게로, 더 나아가 졸업한 지도학생이 몸 담게되는 새 조직으로의 지식전파라는 관점에서, 지식이전에 있어서의 지도교수의 인적 네트워크의 역할에 주목한다. 네트워크 관련 문헌들은 주로 네트워크를 기술(記述)하는데 그쳤으나, 본 논문은 네트워크의 구조적 특성 또는 네트워크의 질(network quality)이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구는특허의 공동발명자료(patent co-authorship data)를 이용해 발명자의 네트워크를 구성하였으며, 1993년∼2002년 동안에 특허를 낸 적이 있는 발명자인 대학교수 437명과 이들 교수들의 지도를 받은 5,842명의 대학원 졸업자로 구성된 표본을 대상으로 분석하였다. 개별 네트워크 지수는 네트워크 구조의 한 측면만을 측정하고 있으므로 복합지수(composite index)로서 네트워크의 질(network quality)을 측정하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 네트워크의 질(network quality)의 측정지표인 복합지수(composite index)가 유의한 정(+)의 값을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과로부터 네트워크의 질은 혁신성과를 향상시키는 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 네트워크 구조를 측정하는 개별 지표 중에서는 네트워크의 크기가 유의한 양(+)의 값으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 지도교수가 얼마나많은 사람들과 네트워크로 연결되어 있는지가 석박사 졸업생의 혁신성과에 영향력을 미치는 중요 요소라고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
Research networks of academic advisors have significant effects on knowledge transfer from advisor to students while in school, and after graduation. The paper focuses on the role of human networks of academic advisors in the viewpoint of the knowledge transfer, from advisors to students, and from ex-student to employing organization after graduation. Untill recently, literature on networks just describes the properties of networks. On the contrary, this paper investigates the impact of network quality on the innovative performance of individuals active in networks. This paper builds up inventive networks using patent co-authorship data during 1993~2002, including 437 professor inventors and their 5,842 ex-students which successfully receive their Master or Ph.D. degrees. Since a single network measure reflects only one aspect of network structure, this paper constructs a composite index by integrating three different measures of network structure based on the methodology proposed by Parag et al.(2010). Using negative binomial regressions, this paper shows that network quality of academic advisors enhances innovativeness of their former students. Among individual measures, network size, which refers to the number of nodes connected to an individual inventor, has significant and positive sign of coefficient estimates. The result suggests that the number of collaborative partners of an academic advisor is the most notable feature of a network structure which affect innovative performance of former students.
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