지식창출활동의 공간적 집적과 지역간 격차요인 분석
The Spatial Clustering of Knowledge Production Activities and Its Determinants of Regional Disparity based on Korean Patent Data
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초록
지난 10여년 동안 새로이 내생적 경제성장의 동력으로 지식창출활동에 대한관심이 크게 고조되면서, 지식창출활동을 측정하는 지표로서 특허의 중요성이 더욱 부각되고 있다. 지식창출활동은 공간상에 특정지역으로 집중되거나 클러스터를 형성하는 것으로 분석되고 있다. 본 연구는 1981~2008년 동안 국내 특허데이터를 토대로 하여 지식창출활동의 성장에 따른 공간분포패턴을 분석하였으며, 그러한 분포패턴 형성에 영향을 미친 요인을 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 우리나라의 경우 지식창출량의 약 75%가 수도권에 집중되어 있을 정도로 매우 불균등하게 지식창출활동이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 지식창출활동의 공간분포패턴은 매우 높은 정적인 공간적 자기상관을 보이며, 해당 지역의 지식창출은 인접한 주변지역의 영향을 받는 공간적 파급효과가 나타나고 있었다. 공간계량모형을 사용하여 지역간 지식창출활동에 영향을 미친 요인을 추출한 결과대학원 재학생수, 대기업의 비율, 지식기반제조업과 주력기반 제조업의 특화도 및지식기반제조업의 다양성 지수가 유의미하게 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 지방의 우수 인력 양성과 대기업 유치를 위한 제반 생활환경을 구축하는 정책이 향후지방의 경제발전을 수립하는 데 있어서 시급함을 시사해준다.
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a widespread interest in knowledge production activities as a new engine of endogenous growth. Also there has been a growing importance of the patent as the index of knowledge production. Much literature suggests that knowledge production activities tend to be spatially concentrated and formed the clusters. The purposes of this paper are to analyze spatial patterns of knowledge production activities in Korea based on a data set of patents from 1981-2008, and to analyze its determinants of regional disparity in 2008. Through this research, it was found that knowledge production activities were unevenly distributed. The Knowledge production activity measured by patent counts is highly concentrated in a limited number of cities. The Capital region accounted for 75% of the total number of patents in the period of 1981-2008, suggesting the existence of a strong concentration of knowledge production activities in Korea. The locations of knowledge production activities by themselves represented a strong spatial positive autocorrelation. The location of knowledge production activities is not free from a spatial context and spillover of knowledge production activities are heavily bounded within geographic limits, forming a spatial cluster. This paper uses the spatial statistical model to explore the determinants of regional disparity of knowledge production activities. From the results of the spatial lag model, it was found that the number of graduate students as an input for knowledge production activities, and the ratio of large-scale establishments have been statistically significant. Also the specialization and the diversity of knowledge-based manufacturing industries have a significant effect on regional knowledge production. Such results give some implications for regional economic development policies
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