DRAM 산업의지식확산, 기술궤적과산업주도권의이동:특허인용 네트워크 분석과 신슘페터주의 기술경제학
Technological Regime and the Shift of Industrial Leadership in the DRAM Industry:A Patent Citation Analyis
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이 논문에서는 지식확산 패턴, 기술궤적의 특성과 산업 주도권 이동에 초점을 맞춰서 디램(DRAM) 관련 특허의 인용 네트워크를 분석한다. 전반적으로 네트워크 분석의 결과는 기존 문헌들에서 발견된 디램 산업의 여러 특징들을 잘 포착하고 있으며 이는 신슘페터주의 기술경제학의 방법론으로서 인용 네트워크 분석의 신뢰성을 보여주고 있다. 먼저 인용 네트워크의 시각화를 통해 세 개의 클러스터를 발견하였다. 클러스터1이 가장 먼저 형성되었고 클러스터2와 3이 뒤따라 형성되었다. 클러스터1은 제품혁신이 주가 되고 미국의 벤쳐 기업들에 의해 주도되었다. 클러스터2는 제품혁신과 공정혁신이 섞여 있으며 미국과 일본의 대기업에 의해 주도되었다. 클러스터3의 특허들은 대부분이 Micron과 한국, 대만기업들에 의해 출원된 공정 기술 관련 특허들이었다. 이와 같은 클러스터화 현상은 기술적인 단절 현상을 의미할 수 있고, 이것이 바로 Perez and Soete (1988)가 말한 기회의 창으로 작용해서 산업 주도권의 이동이 일어났다고 볼 수 있다. 주경로 분석의 결과 디램 특허 인용 네트워크의 주경로는 미국과 일본 기업에서 출발해서 대만의 국책 연구소인 ITRI를 거쳐서 여러 대만 기업들로 이어지는 것으로 나타났고 이는 기존 문헌들의 발견과 일치한다. 하지만 주경로는 전체 네트워크의 일부분만을 대표하는 것으로 나타났고 이는 디램 기술 발전에 있어 단절 현상이 있었다는 점을 암시한다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the citation network of DRAM-related patents focusing on technological change and the shift of market dominance. As a whole, the results of the analysis is consistent with characteristics of the DRAM industry which founded by existing literatures. This founding indicates that a citation network analysis can be an effective in studying technological and industrial change. In addition, through a citation network analysis, we found some features of the DRAM industry that were not found by existing literatures. By visualization of the citation network, three clusters are observed in the citation networks. Cluster 1 formed first, and cluster 2 and 3 followed in order. Cluster 1 is characterized by product innovation, and dominated by American venture firms. Mixture of product and process innovation is characteristics of Cluster 2. Large American and Japanese firms lead formation of Cluster 2. Patents of Cluster 3 are mostly related with process innovation and granted by Micron, Korean large firms and Taiwanese firms. Clusterization means discontinuity of technological change, which can be the reason of the shift of market dominance. The result of main path analysis reveals that the main path of the network goes from Japanese and American firm to Taiwanese firms via ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute), Taiwanese government research unit, which is consistent with stylized facts found by existing literatures on the DRAM industry. However, the main path covers only small area of the network. This also can be evidence of technological discontinuity.
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