우간다 농촌의 금융 접근성 모델 비교연구: 마을저축융자모임(VSLA)과 새마을금고를 중심으로
A Comparative Study on Financial Models in Rural Areas of Uganda: Focusing on the VSLA and Saemaul Geumgo
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초록
본 연구는 개발도상국 내 금융소외를 해소하고 비공식적 금융 메커니즘의 한계를 극복하기 위한 전략으로 마을저축융자모임(VSLA)과 금융협동조합 모델인 새마을금고 모델의 금융 접근성을 비교한다. 동아프리카에 위치한 우간다를 연구 대상 국가로 선정하여 금융모델 관련 문헌조사, 이해관계자 개별 및 집단면담을 통한 사례연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과 VSLA 모델을 기반으로 새마을금고(금융협동조합)로의 진화를 통해 VSLA의 한계로 지적되어 오던 포용성, 지속가능성, 유연성, 기능성 및 책임성을 보완할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 개발도상국, 특히 아프리카 지역에서 한국 새마을금고 모델(금융협동조합)의 도입과 VSLA로부터의 진화를 통한 금융포용 확대방안을 우간다 현지 사례를 통해 모색한다는 점에서 국·내외적으로 본 연구의 중요성을 찾을 수 있다. 한국은 금융분야 국제개발협력사업에 있어 초보단계에 있다. 아직 금융포용의 개념이나 최신 동향을 살펴보는 연구에 머물러 있는 상황에서 본 연구는 향후 개발협력분야에 금융포용을 어떻게 접목하고 활용할 수 있을지에 대한 새로운 접근 방향 및 기회를 제공한다.
Abstract
This study examines the application of Saemaul Geumgo approach, Korea's representative financial co-operative model, to address financial alienation (exclusion) and overcome the challenges of informal financial mechanisms in developing countries. The study is conducted by assessing practices in Uganda, located in East Africa, through desk review as well as individual and group interviews with key stakeholders. The study concludes that the transformation into Saemaul Geumgo complements the inclusivity, sustainability, flexibility, functionality, and accountability that have been pointed out as the limitations of VSLA. The significance of this study is that it opens a way to expand financial inclusion through the introduction of the Saemaul Geumgo model in developing countries, especially in Africa.
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