재난 후 노인들의 우울 및 불안상태에 영향을 미치는 재난불평등 요인들
Post-Disaster Inequality Factors on Depression and Anxiety among Elderly Victims in South Korea
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초록
재난이 개인의 정신건강에 미치는 영향은 그들의 사회경제적 지위의 차이에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 재난불평등을 유발하는 다양한 요인들이 재난 이후 노인들의 우울과 불안과 같은 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 2017년도 국립재난안전연구원 패널조사에 응답한 대상자 1,659명 가운데 65세 이상 노인들 666명을 최종 표본으로 사용하였다. 다중회귀분석을 통한 연구결과 남성보다는 여성 노인, 고령, 그리고 월 가구 소득수준이 낮을수록 우울과불안 상태가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 반해 재난 후 사회참여가 높고 국가차원의 경제 및 심리상담 지원이 충분하다고 인식할수록 우울과 불안은 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 재난후 노인피해자들의 정신건강을 위해서는 경제적 지원과 더불어 적절한 심리상담 서비스를 제공하는것이 중요하다. 더불어 재난 이후 사회적 갈등을 줄이고 사회참여 활동을 강화하여 노인 재난피해자들의 사회자본을 강화할 필요가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 재난불평등 완화를 위한 구체적인 정책적개입과 효과성에 대한 연구가 심도 있게 이루어질 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The effects of disasters on individuals’ mental health differ by their sociodemographic and economic status. This study aims to identify how various determinants of post-disaster inequalities influence the elderly’s mental health such as depression and anxiety. This study utilized 666 seniors aged 65 or older among a total sample of 1,659 included in the 2017 survey data collected by the National Disaster Management Research Institute. The results from multiple regression analysis showed that female, older, and lower-income individuals experienced a higher level of depression and anxiety. On the other hand, when receiving adequate economic support and psychological counseling and having more social participation, they were less likely to be depressed and anxious after disasters. To improve mental health of elderly disaster victims, it is important to provide appropriate psychological counseling services as well as economic support. In addition, social capital of elderly victims should be enhanced through encouraging social participation and reducing conflict experiences.
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