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COVID-19 팬데믹과 재난지원금 연구 - 한국의 긴급재난지원금 사례를 중심으로 -

A Study of COVID-19 Pandemic and Disaster Relief Fund - The Case of Emergency Disaster Relief Fund in Korea -

이재용|윤재원|정광호
(사)위기관리이론과실천 (Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis)|2021.03|Crisisonomy|제17권 제3호|pp. 1-23|DOI http://doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2021.17.3.1

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키워드

코로나19COVID-19voucher긴급재난지원금정책수단policy instrument바우처emergency disaster relief fund전자지불생태계electronic payment ecosystem

초록

코로나-19 팬데믹은 사회 전반에 막대한 피해를 입혔다. 이러한 팬데믹 사태의 전례 없는 재난 상황에서 부상한 사회적 합의는 보편적인 경제 보호의 필요성에 주목하였다. 본 연구는 한국 정부가코로나-19의 영향으로 인해 피해를 입은 취약계층을 지원하기 위한 정책수단으로서 도입한 긴급재난지원금(EDRF)의 정책적 측면을 다각적으로 검토하였다. 한국 정부는 지역 화폐와 신용카드를 매개로 한 바우처와 현금 지원을 포함하는 다양한 전자 지불 방식을 활용하여 매우 효과적인 긴급재난지원금 집행 과정을 보여주었다. 긴급재난지원금과 그 전달 체계의 구현은 상당한 효율성과 투명성을 확보한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 긴급재난지원금은 시민들의 만족과 복지 수준에 상당히 긍정적인영향을 미친 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 긴급재난지원금 사례를 바탕으로 한 정책 경험은 향후 재난취약계층을 위한 보다 나은 정책 도구를 설계하고 집행하는 방식을 이해하는 데 기여할 수 있을것이다.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has enormously damaged society. An emergent social consensus notes the necessity of universal economic protection due to this pandemic’s unprecedented disaster. This study examines diverse policy aspects of the emergency disaster relief fund(EDRF) that the Korean government introduced as a policy instrument to support the vulnerable of COVID-19. The Korean government has demonstrated a very effective implementation process through various electronic payment techniques, including vouchers and cash transfers in local currencies and credit cards. The implementation of the EDRF and its delivery process has been significantly efficient and transparent. It appears that the EDRF generated massive positive effects on citizen’s satisfaction and wellbeing. This policy experience from the EDRF case contributes to understanding how to design and implement better policy tools for diasters’ vulnerable populations in the future.

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