미국 이주 한인노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인 :인구사회학적 특성과 사회자본 특성을 중심으로
Factors Affecting Quality of Life for Elderly Korean Immigrants in Los Angeles County :Focusing on Socioeconomic and Social Capital Traits
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초록
본 연구는 미국 이주 한인노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인을 그들의 개인특성, 가족특성, 인적자본 특성 등을 포함하는 인구사회학적 특성과 규범, 신뢰, 집단내 협력, 정보공유, 지역사회참여 등의 사회자본 특성을 통해 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 미국 UCLA 노인정책연구소에서 Los Angeles County에 소재한 교회 및 성당을 비롯한 종교시설, 노인회, 그리고 노인양로보건센터를 이용하는 60세 이상 노인을 대상으로 수집한 205명분의 설문자료를 이용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계, 평균비교, 회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 인구사회학적 특성에 있어서는 주관적 건강상태, 교육, 고용 상태, 소득, 주관적 경제 수준과 같은 인적자본요인이, 사회자본 특성에서는 신뢰, 지역 사회 내 협력, 정보 공유, 지역 사회 참여 수준이 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인으로 제시되었다. 그러나 인구사회학적 특성과 사회자본 특성을 동시에 고려한 회귀분석에 있어서는 교육을 제외한 주관적 건강상태, 고용상태, 소득, 주관적 경제수준과 같은 인적자본과 신뢰, 지역 사회 내 협력과 같은 사회자본 특성만이 여전히 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 미국 이주 한인노인의 삶의 질 향상 방안을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the factors that affected quality of life among elderly Korean immigrants in Los Angeles County. In particular, it aimed to explore how the socioeconomic characteristics and social capital of the elderly Korean immigrants affected their quality of life. The subjects of this study were 205 elderly Korean immigrants who were living in Los Angeles County at the time of the study. Quality of life was measured using an 8-item questionnaire and the social capital was measured by norm, trust, partnership in community, information sharing, and participation in community. Also, personal, familial, and human capital traits were introduced as socioeconomic features of each of the respondents. This study conducted descriptive statistical analyses and multiple regression analyses to explore the determinants of quality of life for the elderly. The results of this study showed us that various socioeconomic and social capital attributes, including subjective health condition, employment status, income, subjective economic status, trust, and partnership in community, were statistically significant predictors of quality of life for elderly Korean immigrants in the full model. Elderly who were employed, had higher income, who felt healthier and wealthier, and who experienced more trust and partnership in their communities enjoyed higher quality of life than their counterparts. Based on the findings of this study, it also delivered some policy and practice implications that more policy and program considerations should be made for elderly Korean immigrants to strengthen their social capital as well as human capital in order to improve their quality of life.
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