Double Binds in Two Works by Joseph Conrad:New Directions in Girardian Theory
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This article aims to examine how double binds, characterized by paradoxical communication in social groups, function in two works, Heart of Darkness and “The Duel,” by Joseph Conrad. A synthesis of Rene Girard’s and Gregory Bateson’s theories of double binds is employed to show different approaches and “solutions” to social change happening or not happening in Conrad’s novels. In Heart of Darkness, different levels of self-understanding show how the character Kurtz is a sacrificial victim of a system of thinking that paints Africa as an undifferentiated void of blackness. In “The Duel” the double bind is transcended to depict an end to mimetic violence and scapegoating. The result of this study suggests how these novels’ uncovering of double binds may lead to ecological and social awareness. Ultimately, an individual’s egoism and altruism can coexist.
Abstract
This article aims to examine how double binds, characterized by paradoxical communication in social groups, function in two works, Heart of Darkness and “The Duel,” by Joseph Conrad. A synthesis of Rene Girard’s and Gregory Bateson’s theories of double binds is employed to show different approaches and “solutions” to social change happening or not happening in Conrad’s novels. In Heart of Darkness, different levels of self-understanding show how the character Kurtz is a sacrificial victim of a system of thinking that paints Africa as an undifferentiated void of blackness. In “The Duel” the double bind is transcended to depict an end to mimetic violence and scapegoating. The result of this study suggests how these novels’ uncovering of double binds may lead to ecological and social awareness. Ultimately, an individual’s egoism and altruism can coexist.
참고문헌 (22)
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