베트남전쟁의 현실과 일본의 평화담론: 베평련과 전공투를 중심으로

Abstract

During the Vietnam War there were two major types of social movements in Japan: one was called Beheren(Peace to Vietnam! Citizens’ Coalition), which was a nonviolent antiwar movement run by ordinary citizens. The other was Zenkyoto, a revolutionary violent movement whose main protagonists were university students of the new left wing. These movements arose largely out of discontent that Japan was used as a baseto supply the Vietnam War with military goods. Many Japanese were unhappy with this situation and thought that the country should not be associated with the Cold War or the war efforts of the United States in East Asia. In this vein they demanded the deconstruction of the Post-war system where the Peace Constitution was endorsed by the US-Japan alliance. People participated in Beheren or Zenkyoto would like to make Japan stop participating in the Vietnam War by changing the reality of the military base-state and then challenging the war system in East Asia. While Beheren aimed to deconstruct the military bases and cut ties with the US, Zenkyoto’s goal was to deconstruct Japan itself which was identified with the U.S. military bases. Peace movements in Japan as a ‘base-state’ have had goals to which both two different groups aimed. But in spite of these movements the post-War system has survived. Furthermore, the philosophical roots of these movements were conserved as thought to support the post-War system, and were therefore criticized by groups insisting on breaking away from the system.