동학과 천도교의 타자로서의 서양 인식

Abstract

Donghak was founded in 1860. Seohak of east study grew fashionable in the east, and westerners invaded Ching dynasty in the middle of 19th century. From the fear toward the west, Choe Je Woo founded Donghak. About that time, Choe Je Woo criticized westerners as faithless. And he evaluated Seohak more critically than Donghak in the matter of religion and morality. The front and rear of the Donghak Peasants Movement in 1894, Donghak Believers called westerners robbers of the west and barbarians. And they believed Seohak as the study of barbar - ians. But the attitude of Donghak toward the west was changed about 1904. Son Byung Hee of the third Donghak pope went to Japan in 1901. He met some persons oriented for civilization and enlightenment. He learned about the western country and civiliza - tion from them. Then he thought the west as the area of civilization. Donghak believers organized the Jinbohoe in 1904. And they de - veloped civilization and enlightenment movement. It was the move - ment toward western civilization, although they didn’t ignored the value of the eastern civilization. In accordance with this movement, Donghak changed the name of Donghak to Cheondogyo. From that time, especially after the 3ᆞ1 Movement, Cheon - dogyo had developed cultural movement for western civilization. Cheondogyo believers wanted to make new men with new culture, which was made around self-consciousness, progressive spirit, creativity, and the spirit of harmony and cooperation. But after the Manchurian Incident, a few of Cheondogyo believers thought westerners as the object of attack and reproach and removal. They revealed a racism to kill the white people. Also they thought the western culture and civilization to the object of demolition. Because these were formed around individualism and liberalism. On the other hand, they believed the rise of the yellow people. Thus they urged the coalition of the yellow people to cast out the white people. And they admired the eastern culture and civilization. Some persons said Cheondogyo believers to form the spirit of Japan emperor’s subjects as the essence of the eastern culture and civilization.