남한거주 탈북청소년의 외상 이후 심리적 성장요인에 관한 연구
A Study on Posttraumatic growth among North Korean adolescent refugees
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초록
본 연구는 탈북청소년을 대상으로 외상 경험 이후 심리적 성장(Posttraumatic~growth:PTG) 요인을 예측하기 위해 실시되었다. 표집방법은 2012년 6월부터 8월까지 15세~24세 탈북청소년을 대상으로 탈북주민 거주밀집 지역의 사회복지관, 그룹 홈 및 대안학교를 중심으로 총 320부의 설문 조사를 하였다. 최종 선택된 300부의 설문 자료결과 중 외상 이후 심리적 성장과 관련된 인구사회학적 요인, 개인 및 사회적 요인, 정신건강 요인, 외상 및 문화적응스트레스요인을 측정하여 외상 후 심리적 성장에 대한 영향력을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 탈북청소년의 PTG는 종교생활유무, 보호자의 북한에서의 학력, 가족동거유무, 제3국거주기간 및 남한거주기간에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 우울, 불안, 북한내/탈북과정의 PTSD, 문화적응스트레스, 남한 및 북한출신으로부터의 사회적지지, 안정애착이 PTG와 유의한 상관을 나타내었다. PTG 예측요인으로는 가족동거유무, 제3국 체류기간, 남한거주기간, 안정애착, 우울과 불안, PTSD와 문화적응스트레스로 밝혀졌다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 사회문화적 개입의 필요성을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out correlation and predictors of posttraumatic growth of North Korean adolescent refugees in South Korea. This survey was conducted on 320 North Korean adolescent refugees from June to August 2012 with questions on socio-demographic characteristics, personal & social variables, mental health variables, and psychological trauma and acculturative stress in South Korea. The influence of these variable was analysed. Result indicated that care-giver education background in North Korea, religion, family existence, living period in the 3rd country and South Korea were associated with PTG. Anxiety, depression, PTSD, acculturative stress, social support, and secure attachment in South Korea had correlation with PTG. And Living period in the 3rd country and South Korea, family existence, secure attachment, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and acculturative stress in South Korea predicted PTG of North Korean adolescent refugees. Finally, socio-cultural intervention for North Korean adolescent refugees were discussed.
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