정신분석 이론과 종교이해에 대한 신학적 고찰: 프로이트와 대상관계 이론을 중심으로
Theological Investigation on the Theory of Psychoanalysis and Its Understanding of Religion: Focused on Freud and Object Relation Theory
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이 글은 정신분석과 신학 사이의 상이성 안의 유사성과 공명의 가능성을 발견하고, 정신분석 이론과 종교이해에 함축된 신학적, 구원론적 의미를 밝혀보기 위한 하나의 간학문적 연구이다. 정신분석은 프로이트에 의해 창시된 정신의학으로서, 오늘날에는 정통 프로이트 학파와후기 프로이트 정신분석 이론인 대상관계 이론이 공존하고 있다. 그러나 하나의 통일된 대상관계 학파가 확립되어 있는 것이 아니라 다양한대상관계 이론들이 존재한다. 이 글에서는 프로이트와 몇몇 대표적인대상관계 이론가들의 정신분석 이론과 종교 이해를 비교, 고찰하고 특히 치료적 전이에 나타나는 신학적, 구원론적 함의를 규명하고자 한다. 먼저 프로이트의 정신분석 이론과 대상관계 분석가들의 정신분석이론을 차례로 고찰하고, 그 후에 이들의 종교 이해를 고찰한다. 그리고치료적 전이와 종교적 역동, 정신분석 치료를 통한 자기의 변화와 하나님 이미지(관계)의 변화 사이의 유사성을 대상관계 이론과 임상사례를통해 고찰한다. 그리고 마지막으로, 정신분석 이론과 임상사례를 통해나타난 주요 내용들, 즉 정신분석의 인간 이해, 전이 투사로서의 하나님이해, 치료적 전이와 하나님 이미지 또는 하나님 관계 이해의 유사성,공감적 이해를 통한 분석치료 등의 신학적 의미에 대하여 고찰한다. 이 글의 결론은 십자가에 나타난 하나님의‘함께 고통당하는 공감적 사랑’에 의한‘즐거운 교환’에 궁극적인 인간의 치료적 전이와 구원의 길이있다는 것이다.
Abstract
This writing is an interdisciplinary study which intends to find the similarity in dissimilarity and the possibility of resonance between psychoanalysis and theology and finds the theological significance implied in the theory of psychoanalysis and its understanding of religion. Psychoanalysis is the mental medicine originated by Sigmund Freud. Today, the orthodox Freudian school and the post-Freudian object relation theories coexist. There is, however, no one uniformed object relation school but are diverse forms of object relation theories. In this study I, focusing on Freud and several representative object relation theorist, intend to investigate psychoanalytic theories and their understanding of religion and especially to figure out the theological and soteriological implication found in the therapeutic transference. First, I enquire into Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and object relation theorists’ psychoanalytic theories, and then their understandings of religion in order. Next, I explore the parallel between the therapeutic transference and the religious dynamic, the transformation of self through psychoanalytic treatment and the change of God’s image or God relation by means of the object relation theory and clinical cases. And finally, I investigate into the theological significances of the core contents manifested through the psychoanalytic theory and clinical cases, that is, the understanding of human beings in psychoanalysis,the understanding of God as transferential projection, the parallel between therapeutic transference and God’s image or God relation, and psychoanalytic therapy through empathic understanding. The conclusion of this writing is that the ultimate way towards the therapeutic transference and salvation of human beings is in the “happy exchange” engendered by the “com-passionate-emphatic love of God” as manifested in the cross.
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