재신화화론(Remythologization)에 관한 분석비평 연구― 케빈 벤후저(Kevin J. Vanhoozer)의 재신화화 신학방법론을 중심으로
A Critical Analysis on Kevin Vanhoozer's Remythologizing Theology
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재신화화 신학은 불트만의 비신화화론을 비평하고 포스트-바르트(post-Barthian) 신학적 입장에서 성서의 신적소통행위(divine communicative action)의 타당성과 실제성을 천명하기 위해서 주장한 것이다. 본 논문은 벤후저가 주장하고 있는 재신화화론에 대한 내용을분석하고 비평하면서 신화에 대한 이해와 포스트모던 해석학적 신학방법의 일보 진전을 위한 분석비평연구이다. 벤후저의 신학방법은 신학이란 신에 대한 이론적 지식을 다루는 것이 아니라 인간이 신을 경험하는 것이라고 하였다. 그에 의하면 헤겔이 실수한 것은 성서의 신-드라마(theo-drama)를 이론적이고 추상적인 진리로 만든 것이라고 비판하였다. 신의 의사소통 행위에 관심을갖고 다양한 신-인 대화를 해석하는 것이 재신화화 신학의 핵심적 주장이다. 재신화화 신학은 신화론으로 다시 회귀를 주장하는 것이 아니라, 불트만의 비신화화론에서 놓친 “말하는 행위자”(speech agent)로서의신을 다시 발견하고 “신적인 대화”(divine discourse)로서의 성서를되살리는 작업을 하는 것이다. 벤후저는 자신의 재신화화 신학방법은 불트만의 비신화화론과 정반대되는 것으로 자신의 신학방법을 분명하게 천명하고 있다. 벤후저가 새롭게 주장하고 있는 재신화화론, 신-드라마론, 의사소통의 행위론 등을 살피면서 그의 신학방법론에 대한 분석비평을 시도하고, 차세대 신학방법의 새로운 가능성을 향해 기반연구를 시도하였다. 정경-언어적 접근을 하면서 비정경적 도구인 아리스토텔레스의mythos를 들여와서 신학적 도구로 삼는 것은 재신화화 신학 자체의비연속성의 문제를 안고 있다. 신의 의사소통의 실제적 사실주의를주장하면서 이차성의 의미를 담고 있는 드라마 유비를 사용한 것도논란의 여지가 있다. 제일의 신학으로서 성서텍스트 중심의 신학을주장한 것은 논리적이지만 성서텍스트를 넘어서 신의 은총이 내재되어 있는 자연과 전통과 인간의 경험도 함께 다루어져야 할 것을 소홀히 다룬 면이 있는 것을 다루었다.
Abstract
This study attempts to critically analyze primarily on Kevin Vanhoozer's remythologizing theology for an advancement of Biblical hermeneutics for the postmodern generation. Indeed he has done outstanding works on an elaboration for enlightening of the Divine communicative action of the Biblical text. Vanhoozer utilizes Balthasar's theo-drama and Aristotelian mythos for proficient elucidation of the divine communicative action in the Canon. As he mentioned, his remythologizing theology is a completely opposite approach to demythologization of Rudolf Bultmann's method, but it does not necessarily denote for him to restore mythologization again at all. Rather Vanhoozer did severe critic on Bultmann's demythologization method, which misses the divine speech agent and divine discourses in the Biblical text. Remythologizing theology contains various insightful ideas, luminous linguistic skills, and extraordinary theological augmentations regarding the divine speech agent and divine discourses. His fine and serious elaboration for the divine communicative action within his theo-drama should be positively appraised. However, this essay points out several critical issues of his theology, that even though Vanhoozer's theological method is a canonical-linguistic approach, he utilizes non-canonical notion of Aristotelian mythos so convincingly, which entails contradiction between canonical and mythos within his own theological scheme. Vanhoozer emphasizes practical actuality of the divine communicative action, but he excessively utilizes secondary and circuitous device of analogia dramatis. Unnecessary employment of the terms of mythos and drama evokes a perplexity of consistency with conventional and practical ministry within the church. This inquiry suspects that still Vanhoozer could communicate his theology of the divine communicative action with contemporary audience without consuming those terms. Vanhoozer focuses on the Biblical text as the first subject of doing theology, because the text is the only source of theology, that is analogous to the philosophical method of Derrida who postulated that language is the only and prime source of philosophy. Accordingly, as he focused only on the Text, just as Barth had made mistakes, Vanhoozer did not pay heed much to the nature and human being within the created world as the sources of theology.
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