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일본 산파연구의 최근 동향

Latest Studies on the Japanese Modern Midwives

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의학사연구소 (Institute for History of Medicine)|2008.12|연세의사학 (Yonsei Journal of Medical History)|제11권 제2호|pp. 75-87

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참고문헌

키워드

산바(산파)죠산푸(조산부)일본산파연구

초록

Abstract

Sanba, Japanese modern midwives, refer to the state-qualified, educated, modernized midwives who are distinguished from unlicensed traditional midwives. During the Meiji period, the Japanese government attempted to intervene officially in women’s reproductive practices to control abortion and promote population growth. Sanba were the result of state policy for modernization of childbirth. They were recognized officially until 1947 when GHQ reformed the health administration system and renamed them Jyosanpu. This paper examines the historical studies on the Japanese modern midwives to review them divided into 5 types. It was not until the 1990s that historical studies began to highlight modern midwives as a part of history. Written history of Japanese modern midwives were the results of both the appearance of social history and women’s history in 1970s and expanding topics to sex/gender, bodies, childbirth in 1980s. In particular, some latest studies on the history of body have argued that reproduction is not only a matter of women’s bodies, but also the matter of modernity, power relations between a modern state and individuals, power relations between men and women. From that point of view, latest studies on modern midwives have been primarily focused on the relation of midwives and the modern state, midwives and modernity, or midwives and the community. In conclusion, the paper proposes the trans-national histories of modern midwives. Although imperialism and colonization was an essential part of the history of modern Japan, most of studies on modern midwives sets their limits to national history. Modern Japan’s attempt to modernize midwifery in the colonies, such as Korea, and Taiwan, is one of the examples that shows the possibility of writing the trans-national histories of modern midwives.

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