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제중원시기의 알렌과 언더우드의 활동

Allen and Underwood’s Roles at Jejungwon and their Works

최재건
의학사연구소 (Institute for History of Medicine)|2015.12|연세의사학 (Yonsei Journal of Medical History)|제18권 제2호|pp. 7-49

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참고문헌

키워드

제중원알렌언더우드릴리아스 언더우드에비슨제중원 의학당조선기독대학

초록

Abstract

Jejungwon was the first Western style medical hospital in Korea. It was founded by Dr. H. N. Allen, who belonged to the Presbyterian Church of the U.S.A. and came to Korea in 1884 as a medical missionary. Regarding the establishment of a hospital, he consulted with the American diplomat, George C. Foulk and the American Mission Board. Jejungwon was financially supported by the Joseon government. Although Allen served for three years as a medical missionary in the hospital, he was the founder of this institution with a medical school. After he transferred to the American Council in Seoul, he continued to support the hospital until he left Korea. Jejungwon was the first visible institution resulting from the Protestant mission work. The role that Jejungwon played was more than just that of a hospital; because the Korean government prohibited Western foreign missionaries from entering the country, many missionaries and Westerners were only able to enter Joseon through Jejungwon. Modern Western cultures were also introduced through this place. The first Sunday worship was held by missionaries at the hospital, and the Korean church was started by those who attended the worship with missionaries in Jejungwon. Modern style higher education also began at the hospital in the form of a medical school. When Horace G. Underwood came to Korea, he was an ordained missionary, but officially, he came in as a teacher at Jejungwon. He started his mission work at this hospital as a pharmacologist, assistant and teacher in the Jejungwon Medical School. His wife, Lillias H. Underwood, worked at the hospital, particularly for women. Mr. Underwood invited Dr. Oliver R. Avison, who was a professor of the Medical School of the University of Toronto, as a medical missionary and as Director of Jejungwon. Bringing Avison into Jejungwon was Underwood’s best contribution to the hospital. He supported Avison at all times, particularly as Avison tried to develop the hospital and the medical school. In addition, as a missionary, Underwood founded Chosen Christian College, the first Western style higher education institution in Korea, which is now Yonsei University. He did many other things as the founding father of the Korean Protestant Church as well.

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