근대 중국인 의학생의 일본 유학과 귀국 후 활동 -가나자와 의학전문대학(金澤醫學專門學校)의 탕얼허(湯爾和)를 중심으로
Studies of Modern Chinese Medical Students in Japan and Activities after Returning to China - Focusing on Tang Erhe at the Medical College of Kanazawa University
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Abstract
In the 19th century, Japan achieved modernization through the Meiji Restoration. The Qing Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty began to dispatch students to Japan to learn about Japanese modernization. After the Qing Dynasty first dispatched 13 students in 1896, in 1905, over 8,000 chinese students studied in Japan. But in the late 1910s, the number of Chinese students studying in Japan rapidly decreased, since students studying in England and America or Europe increased. The American government decided to use part of compensation for the Boxer Rebellion in supporting Chinese students studying in the US. Besides, English was regarded as more important than Japanese language in China and English and American style mission medical schools were rated higher than Japanese style medical schools. But on the other hand, a number of medical scientists including Tang Erhe, who received Japanese education and made an important contribution to the Chinese medical world, were produced. Chinese medical scientists like Tang Erhe that studied in Japan, founded the National Medical and Pharmaceutical Association of China and put efforts into developing modern medicine. This provided the foundation for Chinese people to take the lead in the Western medical world. Tang Erhe also exerted efforts in medical education working as a principal at the Beijing Medical College. The years required for completing a course of study and the curriculum of the medical college are similar to those of Japan. This means Tang Erhe managed the medical collage in China in his own way that he learned in Japan. On the other hand, what Chinese students wanted to learn about in Japan was westernization and modernization through Japan rather than about Japan. In Japan, Tang Erhe learned about “Western medicine” through Japan too. But his activities after returning to China show that how much the place of study influences a person. Even after returning to China, he maintained a close relationship with Japan and held an important post in the Chinese government under the rule of Japan. This resulted from the Chinese personal networks, which preferred to introduce and hire those that studied in Japan like Tang Erhe and were from the same regions. The intimacy of Chinese students with Japan and China and Japan’s conflicting reviews of the figures that studied in Japan give a lot of implications to Korea that was colonized by Japan around the same time.
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