일제강점기 부산나병원의 공간 구성 변천과 건물 활용

Abstract

This study empirically examines the spatial structure and building utilization of Busan Leprosy Hospital, which was located in Gamman-ri, Busan, during the Japanese colonial period. Established in 1909 by Presbyterian missionaries from the Northern Presbyterian Church, Busan Leprosy Hospital was Korea’s first modern medical institution dedicated to treating leprosy. It remained in operation for over 30 years until its forced closure by the Japanese authorities in 1940, during which time it was maintained largely through the personal efforts of James Noble Mackenzie, a missionary of the Australian Presbyterian Church. This research reconstructs the hospital’s spatial layout and the use of its buildings based on two key documents created by the Japanese Government-General just prior to its closure-namely, the “Plan of Buildings Obstructing the Leprosy Hospital” (癩病院支障物件平面圖) and the “Detailed List of Other Buildings” (建物其他明細書). These records were supplemented with photographs taken by Mackenzie and missionary reports, allowing for a diachronic analysis of spatial transformations. The findings reveal that the hospital was organized into five functional zones-administrative, female, shared, male, and isolated-each arranged according to administrative, medical, religious, residential, and sanitary purposes. The separation of the wards by gender and the spatial reorganization of facilities reflected both the mission hospital’s management and evolving hygiene policies. This study contributes to understanding the spatial arrangements and operational realities of missionary leprosy hospitals under Japanese colonial rule through the case of the Busan Leprosy Hospital.