민족과 계급 사이의 영화비평, 그리고 아메리카니즘 - 해방기 영화비평 연구

Abstract

This study is on movie criticism for Korean Liberation Period which was from 1945 to 1950. Basically, film industry needs huge capital. However, movies were made from poor production environment in Korean Liberation Period. Moreover, movie makers were intensely in conflict with themselves because of different ideologies. When movie makers expressed their ideology through making movies, movie critics also significantly tried to express their opinions on nation and movie. Based on this special political situation, this study will broaden the understanding of movie and society in Korean Liberation Period by investigating movie criticism which was considered less important in that period. Because Korea had ideological conflicts and was about to establish a country in this period, politics was daily life and daily life was politics to the Koreans. Also, movie criticism in Korean Liberation Period was influenced by political changes. This period is divided into three parts. First period is from right after Liberation Day in 1945 to August 1946 when Chosun Film Alliance was reorganized into the leftist force. In this period, critics concentrated on the role of the movie for establishing a country. Then, they developed criticism focusing on ‘Production of National Movie’ and 'Nationalization of film industry'. In terms of theme on discourse, objective of criticism was to resolve ideological confrontations and reach unification. Second period is from September 1946 to August 1948. As ideological confrontations between the left and the right are getting intensified, government which the right force lead was established. Liberation political situation became the field where they fight for hegemony, so movie criticism became political. Criticism in this period was used for political movement. For example, it supported certain ideology or attacked other ideology. Last period is from the date of establishing government to June 1950 when Korean War occurred. Under U.S. Military Government's support, right-wing nationalism government was established. With the affect of Americanism, the ideal of 'Nation' was also modified. Although American commercial movies had been criticized, after the government was established, they started to be evaluated as ‘Classic’ for new ‘National Movie’ in this period. In a conclusion, according to political situations in Korean Liberation Period, movie criticism was progress. Of course, it gives the first step to reveal characteristic of Korean Movie and it is meaningful as an important resource in order to understand Korean film from 1945 to 1950 which changes a lot politically.