“洋風”から“和洋併存”そして “和洋折衷”への展開の過程 －日本近代初期における上流層の住宅様式の成立過程にみる国家的住宅様式の誕生に関する一試論－

Abstract

This Report attempts to examine the birth of national style of architecture, tracing back a process of the changes of upper classes’ residences built in the Meiji Era. It is well-known fact that a certain architectural style came into Japanese high society of those times as a new type of upper classes’ residences, constructing Japanese and Western styles of residences in parallel at the same housing site. But It is also insufficient issue to clarify how and when the western style of architecture were introduced and adapted into Japanese high society as a new architectural style of their residences. For example, the Meiji Palace, a noble residency of Japan Emperor, had been planned to be constructed as fully Western style of architecture at the beginning and this plan was modified in the middle to construct the residency with independently Japanese style of architecture, but the reason have not been proved clearly up to now. Hence, this report firstly considered various backgrounds of the movement from Japanese to Western styles of architectures seen in the changes of upper classes’ residences. The movement carried out and aimed to westernize residences as the national style of architecture at first, modeled ones with styles of Europe and America, and from around 1880’s, this movement rapidly altered into putting these styles co-existent at the same time, and furthermore, compromising Japanese style of residences with Western style of architecture. These successive movement from Japanese to Western styles would be come out from an attempt to adapt a method contrived by Australia or Russia Imperials for the means of keeping ruling family up continuously, and influenced from the change of policies preserving the nation. It was not surely seemed to come out from a reconsideration or self-reliance about the succession of Japanese traditional cultures. For that reason, the movement of Japanization suddenly came out in the national style of architecture in Meiji Era, in other words, would be not an independent movement for the respect or the succession of Japanese traditions, rather it should be insistently an attempt of recurring to the Japanese traditions.