발틱 3국의 독립과 체제전환: 동인, 과정 및 함의
Independence and Transition to the Baltic States: Causes, Processes and Implications
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발틱 3국에서 체제전환은 곧 주권회복을 의미하며 이점에서 여타 중동유럽 국가들에서 공산주의의 붕괴에 따른 제체전환과는 성격과 경로를 달리한다. 발틱 3국의 독립과 체제전환 과정은 각 국의 고유한 정치적 상황으로 여러 차이점을 갖는다. 리투아니아와 에스토니아는 독립과정에서 노골적인 반소련 노선을 취하여 러시아계와 타협을 거부한 체 독자적인 독립추진과 체제이행을 단행하였다. 반면 라트비아에서는 러시아계 인구비중이 높아 이들의 저항을 우려하여 보다 온건한 노선을 선택하였다. 독립 이후 발틱 3국은 제도, 가치, 사회 및 생산 시스템의 변화에 있어서도 유사점과 함께 차별화된 양상도 갖는다. 이와 같이 발틱 3국 각국의 고유한 정치적 상황으로 독립과 제제전환 과정은 상이하지만 이들 국가는 공통적으로 유연한 전략과 비폭력적인 저항과 함께 국제사회에 독립의 당위성을 알리는데 주력하였다. 또한 발틱 3국은 1989년부터 1991년 독립 시까지 1917년 1차 독립의 경험을 되살려 독단적인 저항운동을 최대한 억제하고 3국간 조직적인 협력을 진행하였다.
Abstract
In the Baltic States, the transition to regime means recovery of sovereignty. In this regard, the Baltic States differ in nature and path from the rest of the regime following the collapse of communism in other Central Eastern European countries. The process of independence and transition of the Baltic countries is a unique political situation in each country, and there are many differences. Lithuania and Estonia took an explicit anti-Soviet route in the process of independence and carried out independent independence and system implementation, refusing to compromise with the Russians. On the other hand, in Latvia, the proportion of the Russian population is high, so they feared their resistance and chose a more moderate route. Since independence, the Baltic States have differentiated aspects with similarities in changes in institutions, values, society and production systems. As such, the process of independence and transition to the formulation is different due to the unique political situation of each of the three Baltic countries. Nonetheless, the Baltic States were focused on promoting the independence of independence to the international community with a common, flexible and nonviolent resistance. In addition, the Three Baltic States recalled the experience of the 1st independence in 1917 and suppressed the dogmatic resistance movement as much as possible.
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