Foreign Policy Patterns toward the “East” in Post-Revolutionary Iran
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Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini had pursued the foreign policy doctrine of "Neither East, Nor West" and the export of the Islamic Revolution. These two foreign policies stemmed from his aspiration to create an Islamic-led international order based on the Islamic ideology. On the other hand, the Islamic Revolution considered pragmatic national interests in Iranian foreign policy decision-making. During the modern history in post-revolutionary Iran, both the ideology of the Islamic nation and Iran’s national interests have been interrelated in the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The balance between ideology and pragmatism has been the salient feature in the decision-making process in Iran’s foreign policy. The relative importance of Islamic ideology and national interest in foreign policy decision-making is confirmed according to the circumstances of a particular case. Since the revolution in 1979, Iran's foreign policy has evolved to a paradigm of balancing between ideology and pragmatism among Iranian foreign policy decision-makers (Ramazani 2013, 191). With regard to foreign policy decision-making in Iran, it is also argued that there is a decisive influence of the supreme leader and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in foreign policy. Since the Islamic Revolution of Iran, these groups have had much greater success in affecting the foreign policies pertinent to regional influences, relations with the West and the United States, and national defense (Negahban, 2017). However, the aforementioned study pays much attention on internal factors in foreign policy making process, ignoring external factors in foreign policy decision making. This research focuses on exogenous variables in the Iranian foreign policy toward the “East.” balance between ideology and pragmatism in Iran’s foreign policy. The hypothesis of this paper is that the geopolitical environment affects foreign policy decision-making by influencing national interests or ideological elements. The goal of the paper is to identify how the formation of foreign policy is attributable to geopolitical changes. In particular, the paper examines how Iran’s foreign policy decision-making is influenced by the national interests of each government in its own unique situations. The paper offers the contextualized framework clearly showing that the development of foreign policy is strongly affected by geopolitical changes.
Abstract
Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini had pursued the foreign policy doctrine of "Neither East, Nor West" and the export of the Islamic Revolution. These two foreign policies stemmed from his aspiration to create an Islamic-led international order based on the Islamic ideology. On the other hand, the Islamic Revolution considered pragmatic national interests in Iranian foreign policy decision-making. During the modern history in post-revolutionary Iran, both the ideology of the Islamic nation and Iran’s national interests have been interrelated in the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The balance between ideology and pragmatism has been the salient feature in the decision-making process in Iran’s foreign policy. The relative importance of Islamic ideology and national interest in foreign policy decision-making is confirmed according to the circumstances of a particular case. Since the revolution in 1979, Iran's foreign policy has evolved to a paradigm of balancing between ideology and pragmatism among Iranian foreign policy decision-makers (Ramazani 2013, 191). With regard to foreign policy decision-making in Iran, it is also argued that there is a decisive influence of the supreme leader and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in foreign policy. Since the Islamic Revolution of Iran, these groups have had much greater success in affecting the foreign policies pertinent to regional influences, relations with the West and the United States, and national defense (Negahban, 2017). However, the aforementioned study pays much attention on internal factors in foreign policy making process, ignoring external factors in foreign policy decision making. This research focuses on exogenous variables in the Iranian foreign policy toward the “East.” balance between ideology and pragmatism in Iran’s foreign policy. The hypothesis of this paper is that the geopolitical environment affects foreign policy decision-making by influencing national interests or ideological elements. The goal of the paper is to identify how the formation of foreign policy is attributable to geopolitical changes. In particular, the paper examines how Iran’s foreign policy decision-making is influenced by the national interests of each government in its own unique situations. The paper offers the contextualized framework clearly showing that the development of foreign policy is strongly affected by geopolitical changes.
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