톨스토이 대 톨스토이: 톨스토이의 평화사상과 평화실천
Tolstoy versus Tolstoy: Tolstoy's Peace Thought and Practice
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To many Koreans, Tolstoy is known as a saint or a truth-seeker who lectured on love, forgiveness, the moral cultivation of individuals and spiritual maturity. In the meanwhile, on the backside of the holy man, there existed a warrior who fiercely confronted the established power and contended anti-statism and anti-nationalism. He rejected all the institutionalized violence, including the state authority. Moreover, he insisted the absolute nonviolence by denying even the individual violence as a self-defense. This kind of an absolute pacifism is dangerous, much more disquieting than anything else and far from the secured idealism. Therefore, the familiar view on Tolstoy as a saint should be supplemented with a view on him as a resistant who uncompromisingly fought for peace. The starting point would be his pacifism, from which his constant struggle started. This article will discuss the unknown aspects of Tolstoy, i.e. his life as a thinker of peace and its practitioner at the same time. First, it will analyze how Tolstoy translated the moral principles, such as love, fraternity and nonviolence into radical social criticism that appealed the abolition of state. Second, it will examine the identity of 'new christianity' that he conceived for the social reform and moral revolution. Then, it will argue the influence of Tolstoy’s pacifism upon the turbulent world situation and Russia that was on the eve of Revolution at that moment.
Abstract
To many Koreans, Tolstoy is known as a saint or a truth-seeker who lectured on love, forgiveness, the moral cultivation of individuals and spiritual maturity. In the meanwhile, on the backside of the holy man, there existed a warrior who fiercely confronted the established power and contended anti-statism and anti-nationalism. He rejected all the institutionalized violence, including the state authority. Moreover, he insisted the absolute nonviolence by denying even the individual violence as a self-defense. This kind of an absolute pacifism is dangerous, much more disquieting than anything else and far from the secured idealism. Therefore, the familiar view on Tolstoy as a saint should be supplemented with a view on him as a resistant who uncompromisingly fought for peace. The starting point would be his pacifism, from which his constant struggle started. This article will discuss the unknown aspects of Tolstoy, i.e. his life as a thinker of peace and its practitioner at the same time. First, it will analyze how Tolstoy translated the moral principles, such as love, fraternity and nonviolence into radical social criticism that appealed the abolition of state. Second, it will examine the identity of 'new christianity' that he conceived for the social reform and moral revolution. Then, it will argue the influence of Tolstoy’s pacifism upon the turbulent world situation and Russia that was on the eve of Revolution at that moment.
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