La France et ses langues régionales
France and its regional languages
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The French language seems so closely associated with France that it has almost become a symbol of the country itself. The Constitution recognizes French as the sole official language of the Republic. Yet until the end of the 19th century French was not the mother tongue of most French people. In fact, many other idioms such as Corsican, Basque or Alsatian are still in use today. But are they ‘real’ languages, dialects, or mere variants of French? This article explains the historical and political reasons why local languages have long been despised and even fought by central power. We show that even after decades of attempts to suppress them, there are still people ready to fight for this aspect of cultural diversity. We look over major studies conducted to identify local languages, from the Revolution until a 1999 survey which concluded that the total number of languages still in use in France today amounts to no less than 75, when taken into account all overseas territories. We show the slow and difficult process to give them some legal recognition. France must act swiftly if it is to have a chance to pass on to future generations this aspect of its lesser known heritage.
Abstract
The French language seems so closely associated with France that it has almost become a symbol of the country itself. The Constitution recognizes French as the sole official language of the Republic. Yet until the end of the 19th century French was not the mother tongue of most French people. In fact, many other idioms such as Corsican, Basque or Alsatian are still in use today. But are they ‘real’ languages, dialects, or mere variants of French? This article explains the historical and political reasons why local languages have long been despised and even fought by central power. We show that even after decades of attempts to suppress them, there are still people ready to fight for this aspect of cultural diversity. We look over major studies conducted to identify local languages, from the Revolution until a 1999 survey which concluded that the total number of languages still in use in France today amounts to no less than 75, when taken into account all overseas territories. We show the slow and difficult process to give them some legal recognition. France must act swiftly if it is to have a chance to pass on to future generations this aspect of its lesser known heritage.
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