러시아의 다극주의 전략과 북·러 관계

Abstract

Since the onset of the Russia–Ukraine war in 2022, North Korea–Russia relations have rapidly expanded beyond limited cooperation into multidimensional engagement across military, economic, and cultural domains. Using Russia’s multipolarity strategy as an analytical framework, this study examines the significance of their deepening ties. Military and political cooperation has become institutionalized through discussions of a strategic partnership treaty, arms and technology collaboration, and coordinated stances in international forums. Economic and labor cooperation has grown more pragmatic, with projects like the Rajin–Khasan railway, ruble–won settlement systems, and North Korean labor deployment. Cultural exchanges have also expanded, reinforcing a shared anti-Western narrative. This evolving partnership has elevated North Korea to a strategic and symbolic role within Russia’s multipolar vision. However, economic asymmetries, China’s influence, and international sanctions continue to limit the relationship’s full formalization. These developments have important implications for Northeast Asian security and South Korea’s diplomacy. In response, South Korea must strengthen multi-layered defense, pursue balanced diplomacy that acknowledges structural shifts, and explore limited engagement with Russia within sanctions constraints. The possibility of Russia serving as a mediator in inter-Korean relations also merits attention.